Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world

Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world refers to both traditional alchemy and early practical chemistry (the early chemical investigation of nature in general) by Muslim scholars in the medieval Islamic world. The word alchemy was derived from the Arabic word كيمياء or kīmiyāʾ^[1]^[2]^: 854 and may ultimately derive from the ancient Egyptian word kemi, meaning black.^[2]

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Islamic conquest of Roman Egypt, the focus of alchemical development moved to the Caliphate and the Islamic civilization. Much more is known about Islamic alchemy as it was better documented; most of the earlier writings that have come down through the years were preserved as Arabic translations.^[3]

^ "alchemy", entry in The Oxford English Dictionary, J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, vol. 1, 2nd ed., 1989, ISBN 0-19-861213-3.
^ ^a ^b Anawati, Georges C. (1996). "Arabic alchemy". In Rāšid, Rušdī Ḥafnī; Morelon, Régis (eds.). Encyclopedia of the history of Arabic science. London New York: Routledge. pp. 853–885. ISBN 0-415-12412-3.
^ Burckhardt, Titus (1967). "Alchemy: science of the cosmos, science of the soul" (Document). Stuart & Watkins. p. 46.

[1] "alchemy", entry in The Oxford English Dictionary, J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, vol. 1, 2nd ed., 1989, ISBN 0-19-861213-3.

[anawati854-2] Anawati, Georges C. (1996). "Arabic alchemy". In Rāšid, Rušdī Ḥafnī; Morelon, Régis (eds.). Encyclopedia of the history of Arabic science. London New York: Routledge. pp. 853–885. ISBN 0-415-12412-3.

[3] Burckhardt, Titus (1967). "Alchemy: science of the cosmos, science of the soul" (Document). Stuart & Watkins. p. 46.

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