Alliance of Independents

Alliance of Independents

*Landesring der Unabhängige*
*Alliance des Indépendants*
*Anello degli Indipendenti*
Alliance of Independents Landesring der Unabhängige; Alliance des Indépendants; Anello degli Indipendenti
Founder	Gottlieb Duttweiler
Founded	30 December 1936
Dissolved	4 December 1999
Ideology	Social liberalism; Green liberalism
	Politics of Switzerland; Political parties; Elections;

The Alliance of Independents,^[1]^[2]^[3] Ring of Independents, or National Ring of Independents,^[4] (German: Landesring der Unabhängigen (LdU), French: Alliance des Indépendants (AdI), Italian: Anello degli Indipendenti) was a social liberal^[5] political party in Switzerland that existed between 1936 and 1999.

^ Amir Abedi (2004). Anti-Political Establishment Parties: A comparative analysis. Routledge. p. 69. ISBN 9780415319614.
^ Francis Jacobs (1989). Switzerland. Longman. p. 656. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ D.L. Seiler (1988). Liberal parties in Switzerland. Cambridge University Press. p. 368. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Heinrich August Winkler (2015). The Age of Catastrophe: A History of the West 1914–1945. Yale University Press. p. 320.
^ Lachner, Andreas (2006), "Das Parteiensystem der Schweiz", Die Parteiensysteme Westeuropas, VS Verlag, p. 400

[1] Amir Abedi (2004). Anti-Political Establishment Parties: A comparative analysis. Routledge. p. 69. ISBN 9780415319614.

[2] Francis Jacobs (1989). Switzerland. Longman. p. 656. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[Seiler88_368-3] D.L. Seiler (1988). Liberal parties in Switzerland. Cambridge University Press. p. 368. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[4] Heinrich August Winkler (2015). The Age of Catastrophe: A History of the West 1914–1945. Yale University Press. p. 320.

[5] Lachner, Andreas (2006), "Das Parteiensystem der Schweiz", Die Parteiensysteme Westeuropas, VS Verlag, p. 400

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