Amien Rais

Amien Rais
Amien Rais
	Amien Rais's 2004 president candidate portrait
10th Speaker of the People's; Consultative Assembly
	In office; 3 October 1999 – 30 September 2004
Preceded by	Harmoko
Succeeded by	Hidayat Nur Wahid
Personal details
Born	Muhammad Amien Rais; 26 April 1944 (age 80); Surakarta, Japanese East Indies
Political party	Ummah
Other political; affiliations	PAN (1998–2020)
Spouse	Kusnasriyati Sri Rahayu
Children	Ahmad Hanafi Rais; Hanum Salsabiela Rais; Ahmad Mumtaz Rais; Tasniem Fauzia Rais; Ahmad Baihaqy Rais;
Alma mater	University of Notre Dame; University of Chicago; George Washington University;
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Muhammad Amien Rais (born 26 April 1944) is an Indonesian politician.^[1]^[2] He was one of the leaders of the reform movement that forced the resignation of President Suharto in 1998.^[3]^[4] Amien Rais was the leader of Muhammadiyah, one of the two biggest Muslim organizations in Indonesia, from 1995 to 2000. He was the Chairman of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) from 1999 to 2004. During his chairmanship, the MPR passed a series of amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia. These amendments, among other things, established direct presidential elections, a presidential term limit (two terms), and the Constitutional Court.^[5]

^ "Amien Rais prepares new party amid PAN internal rift". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
^ "Parpol Islam Terbesar Era Soekarno Dekati Amien Rais, Mau Menyatu dengan 'Saudara' PAN". Warta Ekonomi (in Indonesian). 15 June 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
^ Eklof, Stefan (2 June 2004). Power and Political Culture in Suharto's Indonesia: The Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and the Decline of the New Order (1986–98). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-30368-6.
^ Vatikiotis, Michael R. J. (1998). Indonesian Politics Under Suharto: The Rise and Fall of the New Order. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-20501-6.
^ Mydans, Seth (20 October 1999). "Stung by Debate, Indonesian Leader Ends Election Bid". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 June 2020.

[1] "Amien Rais prepares new party amid PAN internal rift". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 16 June 2020.

[2] "Parpol Islam Terbesar Era Soekarno Dekati Amien Rais, Mau Menyatu dengan 'Saudara' PAN". Warta Ekonomi (in Indonesian). 15 June 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.

[3] Eklof, Stefan (2 June 2004). Power and Political Culture in Suharto's Indonesia: The Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and the Decline of the New Order (1986–98). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-30368-6.

[4] Vatikiotis, Michael R. J. (1998). Indonesian Politics Under Suharto: The Rise and Fall of the New Order. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-20501-6.

[5] Mydans, Seth (20 October 1999). "Stung by Debate, Indonesian Leader Ends Election Bid". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 June 2020.

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Amien Rais
Amien Rais's 2004 president candidate portrait

10th Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly
In office 3 October 1999 – 30 September 2004
Preceded by	Harmoko
Succeeded by	Hidayat Nur Wahid

Personal details
Born	Muhammad Amien Rais (1944-04-26) 26 April 1944 (age 80) Surakarta, Japanese East Indies
Political party	Ummah
Other political affiliations	PAN (1998–2020)
Spouse	Kusnasriyati Sri Rahayu
Children	Ahmad Hanafi Rais Hanum Salsabiela Rais Ahmad Mumtaz Rais Tasniem Fauzia Rais Ahmad Baihaqy Rais
Alma mater	University of Notre Dame University of Chicago George Washington University
Signature