Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis
Specialty	Emergency medicine, Allergy and immunology
Symptoms	Itchy rash, throat swelling, numbness, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, low blood pressure, vomiting
Usual onset	Over minutes to hours
Types	Anaphylactoid reaction, anaphylactic shock, biphasic anaphylaxis
Causes	Insect bites, foods, medications, drugs/vaccines
Diagnostic method	Based on symptoms
Differential diagnosis	Allergic reaction, asthma exacerbation, carcinoid syndrome
Treatment	Epinephrine, intravenous fluids
Frequency	0.05–2%

Anaphylaxis (Greek: ana- 'up' + phylaxis 'guarding') is a serious, potentially fatal allergic reaction and medical emergency that is rapid in onset and requires immediate medical attention regardless of the use of emergency medication on site.^[4]^[5] It typically causes more than one of the following: an itchy rash, throat closing due to swelling that can obstruct or stop breathing; severe tongue swelling that can also interfere with or stop breathing; shortness of breath, vomiting, lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, and medical shock.^[6]^[1]

These symptoms typically start in minutes to hours and then increase very rapidly to life-threatening levels.^[1] Urgent medical treatment is required to prevent serious harm and death, even if the patient has used an epinephrine autoinjector or has taken other medications in response, and even if symptoms appear to be improving.^[6]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Cite error: The named reference NIH2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Caterino JM, Kahan S (2003). In a Page: Emergency medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 132. ISBN 9781405103572. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
^ Cite error: The named reference World11 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Sampson HA, Muñoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL, et al. (February 2006). "Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report—Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 117 (2): 391–7. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1303. PMID 16461139.
^ Tintinalli, Judith E. (2010). Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli)). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. pp. 177–182. ISBN 978-0-07-148480-0.
^ ^a ^b NHS (29 November 2019). "Overview – Anaphylaxis". NHS (National Health Service). United Kingdom: British government. Retrieved 4 March 2022.

[NIH2015-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Cite error: The named reference NIH2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[IAP2003-2] Caterino JM, Kahan S (2003). In a Page: Emergency medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 132. ISBN 9781405103572. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.

[World11-3] Cite error: The named reference World11 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Samp2006-4] Sampson HA, Muñoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL, et al. (February 2006). "Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report—Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 117 (2): 391–7. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1303. PMID 16461139.

[Tint10-5] Tintinalli, Judith E. (2010). Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli)). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. pp. 177–182. ISBN 978-0-07-148480-0.

[Overview_-_Anaphylaxis-6] NHS (29 November 2019). "Overview – Anaphylaxis". NHS (National Health Service). United Kingdom: British government. Retrieved 4 March 2022.

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