Anastas Mikoyan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Анастас Микоян Անաստաս Միկոյան | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office 15 July 1964 – 9 December 1965 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Leonid Brezhnev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Nikolai Podgorny | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office 28 February 1955 – 15 July 1964 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premier | Nikolai Bulganin Nikita Khrushchev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Nikolai Bulganin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Alexei Kosygin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Born | Anastas Ovaneysovich Mikoyan 25 November 1895 Sanahin, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Died | 21 October 1978 Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | (aged 82)||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Resting place | Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citizenship | Soviet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nationality | Armenian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Political party | CPSU (1918–1966) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other political affiliations | RSDLP (Bolsheviks) (1915–1918) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spouse |
Ashkhen Tumanyan
(m. 1920; died 1962) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Children | 5 (Stepan, Vladimir, Aleksei, Vano, and Sergo) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Occupation | Civil servant, statesman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Central institution membership
Other offices held
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Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan (/ˌmiːkoʊˈjɑːn/; Russian: Анастас Иванович Микоян, IPA: [ɐnɐsˈtas ɨˈvanəvʲɪtɕ mʲɪkɐˈjan]; Armenian: Անաստաս Հովհաննեսի Միկոյան, romanized: Anastas Hovhannesi Mikoyan; 25 November [O.S. 13 November] 1895 – 21 October 1978) was a Soviet politician and Bolshevik revolutionary who served as the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the head of state of the Soviet Union. A member of the Communist Party's Central Committee from 1923, he was the only Soviet figure who managed to remain at the highest levels of power from the days of Lenin, through the eras of Stalin and Khrushchev, and to his retirement under Brezhnev. His legacy is that of a survivor, often described with the famous quote “from Ilyich [Vladimir Ilyich Lenin] to Ilyich [Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev] without a heart attack or paralysis".[1]
An ethnic Armenian, Mikoyan joined the Bolsheviks in 1915, and following the October Revolution of 1917 participated in the Baku Commune. In the 1920s, he was the party's boss in the North Caucasus. Mikoyan was elected to the Politburo in 1935, served as foreign trade minister from 1926 to 1930 and again from 1938, and during World War II became a member of the State Defense Committee. After the war, Mikoyan began to lose favour, losing his position as minister in 1949 and being criticized by Stalin at the 19th Party Congress in 1952. Following Stalin's death in 1953, Mikoyan sided with Khrushchev in the power struggle, supported him against a failed coup in 1957, and took a leading role in crafting his de-Stalinization policy.
Under Khrushchev, Mikoyan played an important role in Soviet foreign policy, making several key trips to the United States and communist Cuba. He acquired an important stature on the international diplomatic scene, especially with his skill in exercising soft power to further Soviet interests. In 1964, Khrushchev was forced to step down in a coup that brought Brezhnev to power. Mikoyan briefly served as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the nominal head of state, from 1964 until his forced retirement in 1965.
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