Back الشعوب الأندمانية Arabic Andamanlılar Azerbaijani আন্দামানি জাতি Bengali/Bangla Andamanesos Catalan Andamanci Czech Andamaner German Andamananoj Esperanto Andamaneses Spanish Andamanid Estonian Andamaanilaiset Finnish

Andamanese peoples

"Andamanese" redirects here. For other uses, see Andamanese (disambiguation).

Andamanese
Members of an unspecified Andamanese tribe fishing in c. 1870
Total population
c. over 500
Regions with significant populations
 India
Andaman Islands
Languages
Great Andamanese languages
Ongan languages (Onge, Jarawa)
Sentinelese[note 1]
Religion
Andamanese animism

The Andamanese are the various indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands, part of India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the union territory in the southeastern part of the Bay of Bengal. The Andamanese are a designated Scheduled Tribe in India's constitution.[7][8]

The Andamanese peoples are among the various groups considered Negrito, owing to their dark skin and diminutive stature. All Andamanese traditionally lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, and appear to have lived in substantial isolation for thousands of years.[9] It is suggested that the Andamanese settled in the Andaman Islands around the latest glacial maximum, around 26,000 years ago.[10][11]

Among the Andamanese, a division of two groups can be made. One is more open to contact with civilization and the other is hostile and resistant to communicate with the outer world.[12]

The Andamanese peoples included the Great Andamanese and Jarawas of the Great Andaman archipelago, the Jangil of Rutland Island, the Onge of Little Andaman, and the Sentinelese of North Sentinel Island.[13] At the end of the 18th century, when they first came into sustained contact with outsiders, an estimated 7,000 Andamanese remained. In the next century, they experienced a massive population decline due to epidemics of outside diseases and loss of territory. Today, only roughly over 500 Andamanese remain, with the Jangil being extinct. Only the Jarawa and the Sentinelese maintain a steadfast independence, refusing most attempts at contact by outsiders.

  1. ^ a b Zide, Norman; Pandya, Vishvajit (1989). "A Bibliographical Introduction to Andamanese Linguistics". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 109 (4): 639–651. doi:10.2307/604090. JSTOR 604090.
  2. ^ Moseley, Christopher (2007). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. Routledge. p. 342. ISBN 978-0-7007-1197-0. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  3. ^ "Chapter 8: The Tribes". 5 July 2013. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  4. ^ Enumeration of Primitive Tribes in A&N Islands: A Challenge (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2014. The first batch could identify 31 Sentinelese. The second batch could count altogether 39 Sentinelese consisting of male and female adults, children and infants. During both the contacts the enumeration team tried to communicate with them through some Jarawa words and gestures, but, Sentinelese could not understand those verbal words.
  5. ^ There Pandit, T. N. (1990). The Sentinelese. Kolkata: Seagull Books. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-81-7046-081-7. OCLC 24438323.
  6. ^ "North Sentinel". The Bay of Bengal Pilot. Admiralty. London: United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 1887. p. 257. OCLC 557988334. Archived from the original on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  7. ^ "List of notified Scheduled Tribes" (PDF). Census India. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 November 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Joseph T (22 December 2018). "Getting to know the Andamanese". www.livemint.com.
  10. ^ Mondal M, Bergström A, Xue Y, Calafell F, Laayouni H, Casals F, et al. (May 2017). "Y-chromosomal sequences of diverse Indian populations and the ancestry of the Andamanese". Human Genetics. 136 (5): 499–510. doi:10.1007/s00439-017-1800-0. hdl:10230/34399. PMID 28444560. S2CID 3725426.
  11. ^ Chaubey G (2015). "East Asian Ancestry in India" (PDF). Indian Journal of Physical Anthropology and Human Genetics. 34 (2): 193–199.
  12. ^ Maina, Vinod (1 December 2015). "Antidiabetic Plants Used by the Tribes and Settlers of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India". Nelumbo. 57. doi:10.20324/nelumbo/v57/2015/87100. ISSN 0976-5069.
  13. ^ "Sentinel island: When British toyed with idea to unleash Gurkhas on Sentinelese". The Times of India. 29 November 2018.


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