Anti-Chinese sentiment

Anti-Chinese sentiment is an irrational fear or dislike of China, Chinese people and/or Chinese culture; it is also referred to as Sinophobia.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] The relative economic success of ethnic Han Chinese minority in SE Asia has made them the object of envy and even resentment-driven violence^[5]^[6]. Furthermore, the rise of China and the fear of it overtaking the US has fueled visceral alarmism and China-threat theories^[7]. Persistent negative media coverage of China, driven in the main by policymakers and politicians^[8], has contributed greatly to anti-Chinese sentiment. This has taken the form of selective coverage of events and the use of negative tones and frames^[9].

It is frequently directed at Chinese minorities which live outside China and involves immigration, nationalism, political ideologies, disparity of wealth, the past tributary system of Imperial China, majority-minority relations, imperial legacies, and racism.^[10]^[11]^[12]^{[note 1]}

A variety of popular cultural clichés and negative stereotypes of Chinese people have existed around the world since the twentieth century, and they are frequently conflated with a variety of popular cultural clichés and negative stereotypes of other Asian ethnic groups, known as the Yellow Peril.^[15] Some individuals may harbor prejudice or hatred against Chinese people due to history, racism, modern politics, cultural differences, propaganda, or ingrained stereotypes.^[15]^[16]

^ Sinophobia is "Fear of or contempt for China, its people, or its culture" states The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Online Edition. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
^ Macmillan dictionary. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
^ The Free Dictionary By Farlex. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
^ Collons Dictionary. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
^ hksspr (January 31, 2024). "Chinese-Indonesians Face Long Road to National Integration, Except During Elections". HKS Student Policy Review. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
^ "Minority Rights - Chinese in the Philippines". Minority Rights.
^ "China Threat or Peaceful Rise? NY Times".
^ Harris, Lee (February 9, 2022). "Congress Proposes $500 Million for Negative News Coverage of China". The American Prospect. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
^ London, King's College. "Shaping the policy debate: How the British media presents China". King's College London. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
^ Cite error: The named reference bbcindonesia was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference heraldsun was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference kazin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Chih-yu Shih; Prapin Manomaivibool; Reena Marwah (August 13, 2018). China Studies In South And Southeast Asia: Between Pro-china And Objectivism. World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 36.
^ 紀紅兵; 內幕出版社 (August 25, 2016). 《十九大不准奪權》: 反貪─清除野心家 (in Chinese). 內幕出版社. ISBN 978-1-68182-072-9. ... 第三點,作為獨立學者,與您分享下本人"反中不反華"的觀點。
^ ^a ^b William F. Wu, The Yellow Peril: Chinese Americans in American Fiction, 1850–1940, Archon Press, 1982.
^ "Conference Indorses Chinese Exclusion; Editor Poon Chu Says China Will Demand Entrance Some Day – A Please for the Japanese – Committee on Resolutions Commends Roosevelt's Position as Stated in His Message". The New York Times. December 9, 1905. p. 5. Retrieved February 21, 2010.

Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

[1] Sinophobia is "Fear of or contempt for China, its people, or its culture" states The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Online Edition. Retrieved July 12, 2012.

[2] Macmillan dictionary. Retrieved July 7, 2022.

[3] The Free Dictionary By Farlex. Retrieved July 7, 2022.

[4] Collons Dictionary. Retrieved July 7, 2022.

[5] sspr (January 31, 2024). "Chinese-Indonesians Face Long Road to National Integration, Except During Elections". HKS Student Policy Review. Retrieved July 11, 2024.

[6] "Minority Rights - Chinese in the Philippines". Minority Rights.

[7] "China Threat or Peaceful Rise? NY Times".

[8] Harris, Lee (February 9, 2022). "Congress Proposes $500 Million for Negative News Coverage of China". The American Prospect. Retrieved July 11, 2024.

[9] London, King's College. "Shaping the policy debate: How the British media presents China". King's College London. Retrieved July 11, 2024.

[bbcindonesia-10] Cite error: The named reference bbcindonesia was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[heraldsun-11] Cite error: The named reference heraldsun was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[kazin-12] Cite error: The named reference kazin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[13] Chih-yu Shih; Prapin Manomaivibool; Reena Marwah (August 13, 2018). China Studies In South And Southeast Asia: Between Pro-china And Objectivism. World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 36.

[14] 紀紅兵; 內幕出版社 (August 25, 2016). 《十九大不准奪權》: 反貪─清除野心家 (in Chinese). 內幕出版社. ISBN 978-1-68182-072-9. ... 第三點,作為獨立學者,與您分享下本人"反中不反華"的觀點。

[wu-16] William F. Wu, The Yellow Peril: Chinese Americans in American Fiction, 1850–1940, Archon Press, 1982.

[17] "Conference Indorses Chinese Exclusion; Editor Poon Chu Says China Will Demand Entrance Some Day – A Please for the Japanese – Committee on Resolutions Commends Roosevelt's Position as Stated in His Message". The New York Times. December 9, 1905. p. 5. Retrieved February 21, 2010.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[note 1]

[15]

[16]