Apolipoprotein E

APOE
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1B68, 1BZ4, 1EA8, 1GS9, 1H7I, 1LE2, 1LE4, 1LPE, 1NFN, 1NFO, 1OEF, 1OEG, 1OR2, 1OR3, 2KC3, 2KNY, 2L7B
Identifiers
Aliases	APOE, AD2, APO-E, LDLCQ5, LPG, apolipoprotein E, ApoE4
External IDs	OMIM: 107741; MGI: 88057; HomoloGene: 30951; GeneCards: APOE; OMA:APOE - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[1] Band 19q13.32 Start 44,905,791 bp[1] End 44,909,393 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2] Band 7 A3|7 9.94 cM Start 19,430,034 bp[2] End 19,433,113 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right adrenal cortex left adrenal gland left adrenal cortex right lobe of liver nucleus accumbens amygdala hypothalamus caudate nucleus C1 segment putamen Top expressed in entorhinal cortex stroma of bone marrow choroid plexus of fourth ventricle perirhinal cortex CA3 field left lobe of liver dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell yolk sac gallbladder superior frontal gyrus More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function heparin binding very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding lipoprotein particle binding phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity phospholipid binding cholesterol transfer activity protein homodimerization activity amyloid-beta binding protein binding tau protein binding metal chelating activity lipid transporter activity cholesterol binding antioxidant activity identical protein binding lipid binding Cellular component cytoplasm membrane chylomicron extracellular region nucleus extracellular vesicle endocytic vesicle lumen very-low-density lipoprotein particle extracellular fluid endoplasmic reticulum extracellular exosome Golgi apparatus blood microparticle extracellular matrix plasma membrane neuronal cell body early endosome low-density lipoprotein particle dendrite high-density lipoprotein particle intermediate-density lipoprotein particle Biological process negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process response to dietary excess negative regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier lipid transport positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process regulation of axon extension positive regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization positive regulation of cholesterol esterification phospholipid efflux cholesterol catabolic process positive regulation of dendritic spine development receptor-mediated endocytosis retinoid metabolic process positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation lipid homeostasis lipoprotein biosynthetic process cholesterol homeostasis negative regulation of inflammatory response triglyceride metabolic process negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration NMDA glutamate receptor clustering response to reactive oxygen species negative regulation of blood coagulation response to oxidative stress positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity negative regulation of phospholipid efflux positive regulation of cholesterol efflux negative regulation of MAP kinase activity artery morphogenesis very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity negative regulation of dendritic spine development negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance positive regulation of phospholipid efflux negative regulation of presynaptic membrane organization negative regulation of neuron death high-density lipoprotein particle clearance long-chain fatty acid transport lipoprotein metabolic process regulation of tau-protein kinase activity G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway chylomicron remnant clearance cellular calcium ion homeostasis cholesterol metabolic process very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance virion assembly negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process cGMP-mediated signaling triglyceride catabolic process positive regulation of presynaptic membrane organization positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly AMPA glutamate receptor clustering positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process positive regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier fatty acid homeostasis nitric oxide mediated signal transduction transport cholesterol efflux regulation of gene expression negative regulation of cholesterol efflux regulation of amyloid-beta clearance neuron projection regeneration negative regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization steroid metabolic process regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction lipid metabolism negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis vasodilation intracellular transport synaptic transmission, cholinergic positive regulation of neuron death high-density lipoprotein particle assembly protein import high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation maintenance of location in cell negative regulation of platelet activation low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling positive regulation by host of viral process cytoskeleton organization regulation of neuron death reverse cholesterol transport lipoprotein catabolic process triglyceride homeostasis cellular oxidant detoxification lipid transport involved in lipid storage Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 348 11816 Ensembl ENSG00000130203 ENSMUSG00000002985 UniProt P02649 P08226 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001302691 NM_000041 NM_001302688 NM_001302689 NM_001302690 NM_009696 NM_001305819 NM_001305843 NM_001305844 RefSeq (protein) NP_000032 NP_001289617 NP_001289618 NP_001289619 NP_001289620 NP_001292748 NP_001292772 NP_001292773 NP_033826 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 44.91 – 44.91 Mb Chr 7: 19.43 – 19.43 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Apolipoprotein E (Apo-E) is a protein involved in the metabolism of fats in the body of mammals. A subtype is implicated in Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases.^[5] It is encoded in humans by the gene APOE.

Apo-E belongs to a family of fat-binding proteins called apolipoproteins. In the circulation, it is present as part of several classes of lipoprotein particles, including chylomicron remnants, VLDL, IDL, and some HDL.^[6] Apo-E interacts significantly with the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which is essential for the normal processing (catabolism) of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.^[7] In peripheral tissues, Apo-E is primarily produced by the liver and macrophages, and mediates cholesterol metabolism. In the central nervous system, Apo-E is mainly produced by astrocytes and transports cholesterol to neurons^[8] via Apo-E receptors, which are members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family.^[9] Apo-E is the principal cholesterol carrier in the brain.^[10] APOE qualifies as a checkpoint inhibitor of the classical complement pathway by complex formation with activated C1q.^[11]