The application of respondent and operant conditioning to analyze and change behavior
Not to be confused with
discrete trial training , a teaching technique that is a form of the broader discipline of applied behavior analysis.
Applied behavior analysis (ABA ), also called behavioral engineering ,[1] [2] is a psychological intervention that applies approaches based upon the principles of respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior of social significance.[3] [4] It is the applied form of behavior analysis ; the other two forms are radical behaviorism (or the philosophy of the science) and the experimental analysis of behavior (or basic experimental research).[3]
The name applied behavior analysis has replaced behavior modification because the latter approach suggested attempting to change behavior without clarifying the relevant behavior-environment interactions. In contrast, ABA changes behavior by first assessing the functional relationship between a targeted behavior and the environment .[5] [6] [7] Further, the approach often seeks to develop socially acceptable alternatives for aberrant behaviors.[7]
Although service delivery providers overwhelmingly practice structured and naturalistic early behavioral interventions for individuals with autism ,[8] ABA has also been utilized in a range of other areas.[9] [10] [11] [12]
ABA is considered controversial within the autism rights movement due to a perception that it emphasizes normalization instead of acceptance, and a history of, in some forms of ABA and its predecessors, the use of aversives , such as electric shocks.[13] [14] [15]
^ Pierce WD, Cheney CD (16 June 2017) [1995]. Behavior Analysis and Learning: A Biobehavioral Approach (6 ed.). New York: Routledge . pp. 1–622. ISBN 978-1138898585 . Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2018 .
^ Cite error: The named reference behavioralpsychiatricnurse
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ a b Baer DM, Wolf MM, Risley TR (1968). "Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis" . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . 1 (1): 91–97. doi :10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91 . PMC 1310980 . PMID 16795165 .
^ See also footnote number "(1)" of [and the whole "What is ABA?" section of] Olive M. "What is ABA?" . Applied Behavioral Strategies. Archived from the original on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015 . Where the same definition is given, (or quoted), and it credits (or mentions) both [i] the source "Baer, Wolf & Risley, 1968" (Drs. Donald Baer, PhD, Montrose Wolf, PHD and Todd R. Risley, PhD, (Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Alaska) were psychologists who developed science of applied behavior analysis) and [ii] another source, called "Sulzer-Azaroff & Mayer, 1991". Beth Sulzer-Azaroff is a psychologist at University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Psychology
^ Mace FC (1994). "The significance and future of functional analysis methodologies" . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . 27 (2): 385–392. doi :10.1901/jaba.1994.27-385 . PMC 1297814 . PMID 16795830 .
^ Pelios L, Morren J, Tesch D, Axelrod S (1999). "The impact of functional analysis methodology on treatment choice for self-injurious and aggressive behavior" . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis . 32 (2): 185–195. doi :10.1901/jaba.1999.32-185 . PMC 1284177 . PMID 10396771 .
^ a b Mace FC, Critchfield TS (May 2010). "Translational research in behavior analysis: historical traditions and imperative for the future" . Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior . 93 (3): 293–312. doi :10.1901/jeab.2010.93-293 . PMC 2861871 . PMID 21119847 .
^ "BACB CERTIFICANT DATA" . Behavior Analyst Certification Board . Retrieved 14 May 2022 .
^ Cite error: The named reference As-in-ABA
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Cite error: The named reference APA_Handbook_Behavior_Analysis
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Cite error: The named reference AP_Clinical_and_Organizational_Applications_of_ABA
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ U.S. Army. (2007, August 30). Psychological operations process, tactics, techniques, and procedures (FM 3-05.301). https://ia601704.us.archive.org/16/items/usarmy-psy-ops-tactics/USArmy-PsyOpsTactics.pdf
The book Applied Behavior Analysis is recommended on page 2–10.
^ McGill O, Robinson A (October 2020). " 'Recalling hidden harms': autistic experiences of childhood applied behavioural analysis (ABA)" (PDF) . Advances in Autism . 7 (4): 269–282. doi :10.1108/AIA-04-2020-0025 . S2CID 225282499 .
^ Schuck RK, Tagavi DM, Baiden KM, Dwyer P, Williams ZJ, Osuna A, et al. (October 2022). "Neurodiversity and Autism Intervention: Reconciling Perspectives Through a Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention Framework" . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders . 52 (10): 4625–4645. doi :10.1007/s10803-021-05316-x . PMC 9508016 . PMID 34643863 . S2CID 238744698 .
^ Ne'eman A (July 2021). "When Disability Is Defined by Behavior, Outcome Measures Should Not Promote "Passing" " . AMA Journal of Ethics . 23 (7): E569–E575. doi :10.1001/amajethics.2021.569 . PMC 8957386 . PMID 34351268 .