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Armando Normand

Armando Normand (1880–?) was a plantation manager of Peruvian and Bolivian descent who had a central role in the Peruvian Amazon Company's perpetration of the Putumayo genocide.[1][2][3] For six years in the Putumayo, Normand committed uncounted abuses against the indigenous population.[4]

Normand worked for the company, which extracted rubber with illegal slave labour, between 1904 and October 1910.[5][6] During those years, he led a reign of terror against local indigenous populations. According to British consul-general Roger Casement, who investigated crime in the Putumayo River basin in 1910, Normand committed "innumerable murders and tortures" during this period.[7] Several of the crimes that Normand was incriminated with include immolation, bashing out the brains of children,[8][9][10] and dismemberment.[11][12][7]

Reports and evidence of Normand's crimes were first documented by Benjamin Saldaña Rocca in 1907,[13] Roger Casement in 1910,[14] and Judge Carlos A. Valcarcel in 1915.[15] A warrant for Normand's arrest was issued by Judge Rómulo Paredes on 29 June 1911 along with 214 other men employed by the Peruvian Amazon Company's agency at La Chorrera.[16] Normand was arrested in 1912 but was not brought to trial and escaped from prison in 1915.[17][2]

  1. ^ Slavery in Peru 1913, p. 95.
  2. ^ a b Guillermo Páramo Bonilla, Carlos. ""Un monstruo absoluto": armando normand y la sublimidad del mal". Universidad Externado de Colombia · Bogotá. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  3. ^ Hardenburg 1912, p. 268.
  4. ^ Hardenburg 1912, p. 268,301.
  5. ^ Slavery in Peru 1913, p. 265,434.
  6. ^ Hardenburg 1912, p. 47,301.
  7. ^ a b Hardenburg 1912, p. 301.
  8. ^ Slavery in Peru 1913, p. 265.
  9. ^ Casement 1997, p. 255,423.
  10. ^ Hardenburg 1912, p. 253,301.
  11. ^ Casement, Roger (2000). The Amazon Journal of Roger Casement. Peru / Colombia: Anaconda Editions. pp. 373, 423, 424. ISBN 1901990001. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  12. ^ Parliamentary Papers, Volume 68. Putumayo: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. 1913. p. 36. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  13. ^ Hardenburg 1912, p. 234.
  14. ^ Hardenburg 1912, p. 265.
  15. ^ Valcárcel 2004, p. 159.
  16. ^ Paternoster, Sidney (1913). The Lords of the Devil's Paradise. Paul & Company. p. 93. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  17. ^ The Annual Register. Longmans, Green, and Co. 1916. p. 352. Retrieved 22 July 2023.

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