Back أرطميسيا الأولى Arabic ارتميس الاولى ARZ بیرینجی آرتمیس AZB Artemisia I nin Caria BCL Артэмісія I Byelorussian Артемизия I Bulgarian Artemisia Iañ Breton Artemísia I de Cària Catalan Artemisia I. German Αρτεμισία Α΄ της Καρίας Greek
| Artemisia | |
|---|---|
| Queen of Halicarnassus, Kos, Nisyros and Kalymnos | |
 Artemisia, Queen of Halicarnassus, and commander of the Carian contingent, shooting arrows at the Greeks at the Battle of Salamis. Wilhelm von Kaulbach[1] | |
| Reign | c. 480 BC |
| Predecessor | Her husband (name unknown) |
| Successor | Pisindelis |
| Born | 5th century BC Halicarnassus (modern-day Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey) |
| Died | 5th century BC |
| Issue | Pisindelis |
| Greek | Ἀρτεμισία |
| Dynasty | Lygdamid |
| Father | Lygdamis I |
| Mother | Unknown |
| Religion | Greek polytheism |
| Lygdamid dynasty (Dynasts of Caria) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Artemisia I of Caria (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτεμισία; fl. 480 BC) was a queen of the ancient Greek city-state of Halicarnassus, which is now in Bodrum, present-day Turkey. She was also queen of the nearby islands of Kos, Nisyros and Kalymnos,[2] within the Achaemenid satrapy of Caria, in about 480 BC.[2] She was of Carian-Greek ethnicity by her father Lygdamis I, and half-Cretan by her mother.[3] She fought as an ally of Xerxes I, King of Persia against the independent Greek city states during the second Persian invasion of Greece.[4] She personally commanded her contribution of five ships at the naval battle of Artemisium[5] and at the naval Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. She is mostly known through the writings of Herodotus, himself a native of Halicarnassus, who praises her courage and relates the respect in which she was held by Xerxes.[6][7]
- ^ On the identification with Artemisia: "...Above the ships of the victorious Greeks, against which Artemisia, the Xerxes' ally, sends fleeing arrows...". Original German description of the painting: "Die neue Erfindung, welche Kaulbach für den neuen hohen Beschützer zu zeichnen gedachte, war wahrscheinlich „die Schlacht von Salamis“. Ueber den Schiffen der siegreichen Griechen, gegen welche Artemisia, des Xerxes Bundesgenossin, fliehend Pfeile sendet, sieht man in Wolken die beiden Ajaxe" in Altpreussische Monatsschrift Nene Folge p. 300
- ^ a b Enc. Britannica, "Artemisia I"
- ^ Penrose, Walter Duvall (2016). Postcolonial Amazons: Female Masculinity and Courage in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit Literature. Oxford University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-19-953337-4.
- ^ Polyaenus: Stratagems- Book 8, 53.5 "Artemisia, queen of Caria, fought as an ally of Xerxes against the Greeks."
- ^ Herodotus Book 8: Urania, 68 "...which have been fought near Euboea and have displayed deeds not inferior to those of others, speak to him thus:..."
- ^ "Biography of Artemisia I, Warrior Queen of Halicarnassus". Archived from the original on 2014-10-10. Retrieved 2014-03-10.
- ^ passages: 7.99, 8.68–69, 8.87–88, 8.93.2, 8.101–103
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