Back أرطميسيا الأولى Arabic ارتميس الاولى ARZ بیرینجی آرتمیس AZB Artemisia I nin Caria BCL Артэмісія I Byelorussian Артемизия I Bulgarian Artemisia Iañ Breton Artemísia I de Cària Catalan Artemisia I. German Αρτεμισία Α΄ της Καρίας Greek
| Artemisia I of Caria Ἀρτεμισία (Greek) | |
|---|---|
| Queen of Halicarnassus, Kos, Nisyros, and Kalymnos | |
 Painting by German artist Wilhelm von Kaulbach depicting Artemisia shooting arrows at the Greek fleet during the Battle of Salamis, 1868[1] | |
| Reign | fl. 480 BC |
| Predecessor | Unknown (her husband) |
| Successor | Pisindelis |
| Born | Halicarnassus (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey) |
| Issue |
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| Dynasty | Lygdamid |
| Father | Lygdamis I |
| Mother | Unknown |
| Religion | Greek polytheism |
| Lygdamid dynasty (Dynasts of Caria) | ||||||||||
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Artemisia I of Caria (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτεμισία; fl. 480 BC) was a Greek queen who reigned over Halicarnassus, an ancient Greek city-state in Anatolia. She was also the ruler of Kos, Nisyros, and Kalymnos,[2] all of which were located in Caria.[2] She was half Carian and half Cretan through her father and mother, respectively; her father Lygdamis I was the founder of the eponymous Lygdamid dynasty, which ruled out of Halicarnassus under the hegemony of the Achaemenid Empire.[3] During the second Persian invasion of Greece, Artemisia fought as an ally of the Persian king Xerxes I, who sought to subjugate the independent Greek city-states after they had repelled the first Persian invasion of Greece.[4] She personally commanded the Persian fleet during the Battle of Artemisium[5] and again during the Battle of Salamis. Most of Artemisia's biography is known today through the writings of the contemporary Greek historian Herodotus, who was also a native of Halicarnassus. Although Herodotus' work frames the Greco-Persian Wars as a fight between Greek liberty and Persian tyranny, as is the case in Histories, he still praises Artemisia's courage and relates the respect in which she was held by Xerxes.[6][7]
- ^ On the identification with Artemisia: "...Above the ships of the victorious Greeks, against which Artemisia, the Xerxes' ally, sends fleeing arrows...". Original German description of the painting: "Die neue Erfindung, welche Kaulbach für den neuen hohen Beschützer zu zeichnen gedachte, war wahrscheinlich „die Schlacht von Salamis“. Ueber den Schiffen der siegreichen Griechen, gegen welche Artemisia, des Xerxes Bundesgenossin, fliehend Pfeile sendet, sieht man in Wolken die beiden Ajaxe" in Altpreussische Monatsschrift Nene Folge p. 300
- ^ a b Enc. Britannica, "Artemisia I"
- ^ Penrose, Walter Duvall (2016). Postcolonial Amazons: Female Masculinity and Courage in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit Literature. Oxford University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-19-953337-4.
- ^ Polyaenus: Stratagems- Book 8, 53.5 "Artemisia, queen of Caria, fought as an ally of Xerxes against the Greeks."
- ^ Herodotus Book 8: Urania, 68 "...which have been fought near Euboea and have displayed deeds not inferior to those of others, speak to him thus:..."
- ^ "Biography of Artemisia I, Warrior Queen of Halicarnassus". Archived from the original on 2014-10-10. Retrieved 2014-03-10.
- ^ passages: 7.99, 8.68–69, 8.87–88, 8.93.2, 8.101–103
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