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Artificial Intelligence Act

Regulation
European Union regulation
TitleArtificial Intelligence Act[a]
Made byEuropean Parliament and Council
History
European Parliament vote13 March 2024
Council Vote21 May 2024
Preparative texts
Commission proposal2021/206
Current legislation

The Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act)[a] is a European Union regulation concerning artificial intelligence (AI).

It establishes a common regulatory and legal framework for AI within the European Union (EU).[1] Proposed by the European Commission on 21 April 2021,[2] it passed the European Parliament on 13 March 2024,[3] and was unanimously approved by the EU Council on 21 May 2024.[4] The Act also creates a European Artificial Intelligence Board to promote national cooperation and ensure compliance with the regulation.[5] Like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, the Act can apply extraterritorially to providers from outside the EU if they have users within the EU.[6]

It covers all types of AI across a broad range of sectors, with exceptions for AI systems used solely for military, national security, research and non-professional purposes.[7] As a piece of product regulation, it does not confer rights on individuals, but regulates the providers of AI systems and entities using AI in a professional context.[6] The draft Act was revised to address the rise in popularity of generative artificial intelligence systems, such as ChatGPT, whose general-purpose capabilities did not fit the main framework.[8] More restrictive regulations are planned for powerful generative AI systems with systemic impact.[9]

The Act classifies non-exempted AI applications by their risk of causing harm. There are four levels—unacceptable, high, limited, minimal—plus an additional category for general-purpose AI. Applications with unacceptable risks are banned. High-risk applications must comply with security, transparency and quality obligations, and undergo conformity assessments. Limited-risk applications only have transparency obligations, while minimal-risk applications are not regulated. For general-purpose AI, transparency requirements are imposed, with additional evaluations for high-capability models.[9][10]


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  1. ^ "Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence: Shaping Europe's digital future". digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu. 21 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  2. ^ "EUR-Lex – 52021PC0206 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  3. ^ "World's first major act to regulate AI passed by European lawmakers". CNBC. 14 March 2024. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  4. ^ Browne, Ryan (21 May 2024). "World's first major law for artificial intelligence gets final EU green light". CNBC. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  5. ^ MacCarthy, Mark; Propp, Kenneth (4 May 2021). "Machines learn that Brussels writes the rules: The EU's new AI regulation". Brookings. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  6. ^ a b Mueller, Benjamin (4 May 2021). "The Artificial Intelligence Act: A Quick Explainer". Center for Data Innovation. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  7. ^ "Artificial intelligence act: Council and Parliament strike a deal on the first rules for AI in the world". Council of the EU. 9 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  8. ^ Coulter, Martin (7 December 2023). "What is the EU AI Act and when will regulation come into effect?". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  9. ^ a b Espinoza, Javier (9 December 2023). "EU agrees landmark rules on artificial intelligence". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  10. ^ "EU AI Act: first regulation on artificial intelligence". European Parliament News. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.

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