Athetoid cerebral palsy

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Other names	Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
The basal ganglia are instrumental in motor function. Damage to these areas may results in athetoid/ dyskinetic cerebral palsy (ADCP), or subtle movement disorders.
Specialty	Neurology

Athetoid cerebral palsy, or dyskinetic cerebral palsy (sometimes abbreviated ADCP), is a type of cerebral palsy primarily associated with damage, like other forms of CP, to the basal ganglia in the form of lesions that occur during brain development due to bilirubin encephalopathy and hypoxic–ischemic brain injury.^[1] Unlike spastic or ataxic cerebral palsies, ADCP is characterized by both hypertonia and hypotonia, due to the affected individual's inability to control muscle tone.^[2] Clinical diagnosis of ADCP typically occurs within 18 months of birth and is primarily based upon motor function and neuroimaging techniques.^[3][4] While there are no cures for ADCP, some drug therapies as well as speech, occupational therapy, and physical therapy have shown capacity for treating the symptoms.

Classification of cerebral palsy can be based on severity, topographic distribution, or motor function. Severity is typically assessed via the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) or the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (described further below).^[2] Classification based on motor characteristics classifies CP as occurring from damage to either the corticospinal pathway or extrapyramidal regions.^[5] Athetoid dyskinetic cerebral palsy is a non-spastic, extrapyramidal form of cerebral palsy (spastic cerebral palsy, in contrast, results from damage to the brain's corticospinal pathways).^[5]