Atmanirbhar Bharat

Atmanirbhar Bharat^[a], which translates to 'self-reliant India',^[8] is a phrase the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and his government used and popularised in relation to the country's economic development plans. The phrase is an umbrella concept for the Modi government's plans for India to play a larger role in the world economy, and for it to become more efficient, competitive and resilient.

Modi has used the English phrase since 2014 in relation to national security, poverty and digital India. The first popular use of the phrase in Hindi was Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self-Reliant India Mission) during the announcement of India's COVID-19 pandemic economic package in 2020. Since then, the phrase has been used by the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Defence in press releases, statements and policies. The government has also used the phrase in relation to India's new National Education Policy and the 2021 Union Budget of India. The concept under Modi's premiership has been adapted from earlier uses of the phrase in the Indian sub-continent.

The swadeshi movement was one of India's most successful pre-independence movements. The concept of self-reliance has been used by the country's former Planning Commission in multiple five-year plans between 1947 and 2014. Commentators have noted India has been enacting policies and building institutions that promote self-reliance since its independence. Private companies and their products have been considered as examples of self-reliance in sectors such as beverages, automotives, cooperatives, financial services and banking, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology.

^ "PM Modi presents 5-I formula for 'Aatma Nirbhar Bharat', says 'we will definitely get our growth back'". Jagran English. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
^ Cite error: The named reference :23 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :9 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Joshi et al. 2021, p. 1.
^ Hosted by National Informatics Centre. (27 May 1998). "Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee : Statement on Nuclear Tests in Pokhran (Hindi)". Digital Library, Lok Sabha, Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021 – via Digitisation Unit, Lok Sabha Secretariat.
^ Cite error: The named reference :eng1998 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Oxford Hindi Word of the Year 2020". languages.oup.com. 12 May 2020. Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021. The Oxford Hindi Word of the Year 2020 is… Aatmanirbharta or Self-Reliance.

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[1] "PM Modi presents 5-I formula for 'Aatma Nirbhar Bharat', says 'we will definitely get our growth back'". Jagran English. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2021.

[:23-2] Cite error: The named reference :23 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:9-3] Cite error: The named reference :9 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:2-4] Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[FOOTNOTEJoshiMuchhalBrennanPradhan20211-5] Joshi et al. 2021, p. 1.

[:hin1998-6] Hosted by National Informatics Centre. (27 May 1998). "Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee : Statement on Nuclear Tests in Pokhran (Hindi)". Digital Library, Lok Sabha, Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021 – via Digitisation Unit, Lok Sabha Secretariat.

[:eng1998-7] Cite error: The named reference :eng1998 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:8-9] "Oxford Hindi Word of the Year 2020". languages.oup.com. 12 May 2020. Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021. The Oxford Hindi Word of the Year 2020 is… Aatmanirbharta or Self-Reliance.

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