Attack on Camp Massart

Attack on Camp Massart
	Part of Operation Unokat and the Congo Crisis
Date	16 December 1961
Location	Élisabethville, State of Katanga
Result	ONUC victory
Belligerents
ONUC Sweden;	State of Katanga Katangese Gendarmerie; Foreign mercenaries;
Commanders and leaders
Jonas Wærn; Ulf Mide	Moïse Tshombe
Strength
3 companies	350 men
Casualties and losses
1 killed; 5 wounded;	10-20 killed; Unknown wounded; 8 captured;

The Attack on Camp Massart^[a] took place on 16 December 1961 and was an attack on Camp Massart, the heavily defended main base of the Katangese Gendarmerie during the Congo Crisis. The attack was part of Operation Unokat which aimed to break the roadblocks set up by the gendarmerie by the end of November 1961 and at the same time stop Katangese President Moïse Tshombe's opposition to the UN. In a coordinated offensive, Swedish troops captured Camp Massart; Irish troops attacked the railway tunnel; the Indian contingent created diversionary attacks and blocked fleeing Katangese forces; and the Ethiopian forces secured the western part of the city.^[6] The attack on Camp Massart begun in the early hours of 16 December and ended at around 1 pm when the Swedes captured the camp. Between 10 and 20 Gendarmes were killed in the attack. One Swedish soldier was killed and five were injured.

^ ^a ^b "SVENSKARNA I NÄRSTRID MED KATANGESERNA" [THE SWEDES IN CLOSE COMBAT WITH THE KATANGANS]. Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). No. 342. Élisabethville. UPI, AP, TT. 17 December 1961. p. 14A. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
^ Cite error: The named reference Carlén & Falk (2012) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b "ELISABETHVILLE I FN-HÄNDER - GENDARMER FLYR" [ELISABETHVILLE IN UN HANDS -THE GENDARMERIE FLEES]. Aftonbladet (in Swedish). No. 341. Élisabethville. 17 December 1961. p. 7. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
^ ^a ^b von Friesen, Hans (18 December 1961). "Svenska styrkor i Camp Massart utsatta för häftig granatkastareld" [Swedish forces in Camp Massart exposed to intense grenade fire]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). No. 343. Léopoldville. p. 8A. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
^ "CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE" (PDF). Congressional Record. 12 October 1962. p. 23320. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
^ Findlay, Trevor (2002). The Use of Force in UN Peace Operations (PDF). Sipri Publication. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 79. ISBN 0-19-829282-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2020-05-14.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[DN_(1961-12-17),_p._14A-1] "SVENSKARNA I NÄRSTRID MED KATANGESERNA" [THE SWEDES IN CLOSE COMBAT WITH THE KATANGANS]. Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). No. 342. Élisabethville. UPI, AP, TT. 17 December 1961. p. 14A. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

[Carlén_&_Falk_(2012)-2] Cite error: The named reference Carlén & Falk (2012) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[AB_(1961-12-17),_p._7-3] "ELISABETHVILLE I FN-HÄNDER - GENDARMER FLYR" [ELISABETHVILLE IN UN HANDS -THE GENDARMERIE FLEES]. Aftonbladet (in Swedish). No. 341. Élisabethville. 17 December 1961. p. 7. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

[von_Friesen_(1961-12-18),_p._8A-4] von Friesen, Hans (18 December 1961). "Svenska styrkor i Camp Massart utsatta för häftig granatkastareld" [Swedish forces in Camp Massart exposed to intense grenade fire]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). No. 343. Léopoldville. p. 8A. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

[5] "CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE" (PDF). Congressional Record. 12 October 1962. p. 23320. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

[Findlay_(2002),_p._79-7] Findlay, Trevor (2002). The Use of Force in UN Peace Operations (PDF). Sipri Publication. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 79. ISBN 0-19-829282-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2020-05-14.

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