Automatic train operation

Automated track-bound traffic
Automatic train operation
Automated guideway transit Automated people mover Personal rapid transit CBTC ETCS History of train automation Automated transit networks suppliers
Lists of automated train systems
Defunct systems GoA2 GoA3+
Related topics
Self-driving car Unmanned surface vehicle
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Automatic train operation (ATO) is a method of operating trains automatically where the driver is not required or required for supervision at most.^[1] Alternatively, ATO can be defined as a subsystem within the automatic train control, which performs any or all of functions like programmed stopping, speed adjusting, door operation, and similar otherwise assigned to the train operator.^[2]

The degree of automation is indicated by the Grade of Automation (GoA), up to GoA4 in which the train is automatically controlled without any staff on board.^[3] On most systems for lower grades of automation up to GoA2, there is a driver present to mitigate risks associated with failures or emergencies. Driverless automation is primarily used on automated guideway transit systems where it is easier to ensure the safety due to isolated tracks. Fully automated trains for mainline railways are an area of research.^[4] The first driverless experiments in the history of train automation date back to 1920s.^[5]