Averageness

In physical attractiveness studies, averageness describes the physical beauty that results from averaging the facial features of people of the same gender and approximately the same age.[1][2][3][4] The majority of averageness studies have focused on photographic overlay studies of human faces, in which images are morphed together. The term "average" is used strictly to denote the technical definition of the mathematical mean. An averaged face is not unremarkable, but is, in fact, quite good looking.[citation needed] Nor is it typical in the sense of common or frequently occurring in the population, though it appears familiar, and is typical in the sense that it is a good example of a face that is representative of the category of faces.[2]

A possible evolutionary explanation for averageness is koinophilia, in which sexually-reproducing animals seek mates with primarily average features, because extreme and uncommon features are likely to indicate disadvantageous mutations.[5][6][7]

  1. ^ Langlois, J.H.; Roggman, L. (1990). "Attractive faces are only average". Psychol. Sci. 1 (2): 115–121. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00079.x. Archived from the original on 2015-02-04. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
  2. ^ a b Langlois, J.H.; Roggman, L.A.; Musselman, L. (1994). "What is average and what is not average about attractive faces?". Psychological Science. 5 (4): 214–220. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00503.x.
  3. ^ Langlois, J.H., Musselman, L. (1995). The myths and mysteries of beauty. In D.R. Calhoun (Ed.), 1996 Yearbook of Science and the Future, pp. 40-61. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
  4. ^ Iyengar, A.; Kulkarni, R.; Vidya, T. (2015). "Koinophilia and human facial attractiveness". Resonance. 20 (4): 311–319. doi:10.1007/s12045-015-0187-2.
  5. ^ Symons, D. (1979) The Evolution of Human Sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  6. ^ Koeslag, J.H. (1990). "Koinophilia groups sexual creatures into species, promotes stasis, and stabilizes social behaviour". J. Theor. Biol. 144 (1): 15–35. doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(05)80297-8. PMID 2200930.
  7. ^ Miller, W.B. (2013). "What is the big deal about evolutionary gaps?". In: The Microcosm within: Evolution and Extinction in the Hologenome. Boca Raton, Florida.: Universal Publishers. pp. 177, 395–396. ISBN 978-1-61233-2772.

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