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Ayaan Hirsi Ali

For the Pakistani actress and model, see Ayyan (model).
"Ayaan" redirects here. For male given name, see Ayan (given name).

Ayaan Hirsi Ali
Hirsi Ali in 2016
Born
Ayaan Hirsi Magan

(1969-11-13) 13 November 1969 (age 54)
Mogadishu, Banaadir, Somali Democratic Republic
Citizenship
  • Netherlands
  • United States
Alma materLeiden University (MSc)
Occupations
  • Politician
  • author
Employer(s)Harvard University
Hoover Institution, Stanford University
OrganizationAHA Foundation
Known for
Notable work
Political party
Spouse
​
(m. 2011)​
Children2
Websitewww.ayaanhirsiali.com

Ayaan Hirsi Ali (/ɑːˈjɑːn ˈhɪərsi ˈɑːli/; Dutch: [aːˈjaːn ˈɦiːrsi ˈaːli] ; Somali: Ayaan Xirsi Cali: Ayān Ḥirsi 'Alī [a]; born 13 November 1969)[1] is a Somali-born, Dutch-American writer, activist and former politician.[2][3][4] She is a critic of Islam and advocate for the rights and self-determination of Muslim women, opposing forced marriage, honour killing, child marriage, and female genital mutilation.[5] At the age of five, following local traditions in Somalia, Ali underwent female genital mutilation organized by her grandmother. Her father—a scholar, intellectual, and a devout Muslim—was against the procedure but could not stop it from happening because he was imprisoned by the Communist government of Somalia at the time.[6][7] Her family moved across various countries in Africa and the Middle East, but at 23, she received political asylum in the Netherlands, gaining Dutch citizenship five years later.[8] In her early 30s, Hirsi Ali renounced the Islamic faith of her childhood, began identifying as an atheist, and became involved in Dutch centre-right politics, joining the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).[9][10][11]

In 2003, Ali was elected to the lower house of the States General of the Netherlands.[12] While serving in parliament, she collaborated on a short film with Theo van Gogh, titled Submission, which depicted the oppression of women under fundamentalist Islamic law, and was critical of the Muslim canon itself.[13] The film led to death threats, and Van Gogh was murdered shortly after the film's release by Mohammed Bouyeri, a Moroccan-Dutch Islamic terrorist, driving Hirsi Ali into hiding.[13] At this time, she became more outspoken as a critic of the Muslim faith. In 2005, Time magazine named Ali as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.[14] Her outspoken criticism of Islam made her a controversial figure in Dutch politics. Following a political crisis related to the validity of her Dutch citizenship, she left Parliament and ultimately the Netherlands.[15][16]

Moving to the United States, Ali established herself as a writer, activist, and public intellectual.[17][18] Her books Infidel: My Life (2007), Nomad: From Islam to America (2010) and Heretic: Why Islam Needs a Reformation Now (2015) became bestsellers.[19] In Heretic, Ali seemed to be calling for reformation of Islam by countering Islamism and supporting reformist Muslims.[20][21] In the United States, Ali has founded an organisation for the defense of women's rights, the AHA Foundation.[22] She has taken roles at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, the American Enterprise Institute, and at Harvard Kennedy School as a senior fellow at the Future of Democracy Project.[23][24][25] Since 2021, she has served as a columnist for UnHerd, a British online magazine; since 2022, she has also hosted The Ayaan Hirsi Ali Podcast.[26][27]

Ali was a central figure in New Atheism since its beginnings.[28] She was strongly associated with the movement, along with Christopher Hitchens, who regarded Ali as "the most important public intellectual probably ever to come out of Africa".[29] Writing in a column in November 2023, Ali announced her conversion to the Christian faith, claiming that in her view the Judeo-Christian tradition is the only answer to the problems of the modern world.[9][30][31] She has received several awards, including a free speech award from the centre-right Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten,[32] the Swedish conservative Liberal Party's Democracy Prize,[33] and the Moral Courage Award for commitment to conflict resolution, ethics, and world citizenship.[34] Critics have accused Ali of being Islamophobic or neo-orientalist and question her scholarly credentials "to speak authoritatively about Islam and the Arab world", saying she promotes the notion of a Western "civilizing mission".[35][36][37] Ali is married to Scottish-American historian Niall Ferguson. The couple are raising their sons in the United States, where she became a citizen in 2013.[16][38]


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali". Britannica. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  2. ^ Applebaum, Anne (4 February 2007). "The Fight for Muslim Women A feisty memoir from a controversial champion of female rights".
  3. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali on Q&A: the west must stop seeing Muslims only as victims". The Guardian. 16 May 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  4. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali's 'Heretic'". The New York Times. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  5. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali: "You can't change these practices if you don't talk about them"". The New York Times. 24 February 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  6. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali: 'FGM was done to me at the age of five. Ten years". Evening Standard. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  7. ^ Harris, Lynn (3 June 2010). "Female genital mutilation in the U.S.: No compromise". Salon. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  8. ^ "Somalia-born critic of Islam admits lying to gain asylum". The Irish Times. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  9. ^ a b Jones, Sarah (29 November 2023). "The Infidel Turned Christian". Intelligencer. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  10. ^ "Outspoken Atheist Ayaan Hirsi Ali Says She is Now a Christian". NCR. 13 November 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  11. ^ "Dutch MP quits over asylum lies". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  12. ^ Anderson, John Ward (17 May 2006). "Discredited Somali Quits Dutch Politics Advocate for Women Is Critic of Islam". Washington Times.
  13. ^ a b "Slaughter And 'Submission' - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. 11 March 2005. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference time was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ "Controversy Over Dutch Politician Divides The Netherlands – DW – 05/17/2006". dw.com. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  16. ^ a b "Ayaan Hirsi Ali: Tackle Islam or face civil war". POLITICO. 6 June 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  17. ^ Hayward, Freddie (9 September 2021). "Ayaan Hirsi Ali: "If you disagree with the left, you're punished"". New Statesman. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  18. ^ Garner, Dwight (15 January 2012). "Warriors on 2 Sides of Militant Islam". New York Times.
  19. ^ Dominus, Susan (1 April 2015). "Ayaan Hirsi Ali's 'Heretic'". New York Times.
  20. ^ Ayaan Hirsi Ali (27 March 2015). "The Islam reformers vs. the Muslim zealots". The Washington Post. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  21. ^ Anthony, Andrew (27 April 2015). "Heretic: Why Islam Needs a Reformation Now by Ayaan Hirsi Ali – review". The Guardian.
  22. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali: Feminism's freedom fighter". Los Angeles Times. 17 October 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  23. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali". Hoover Institution.
  24. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali". American Enterprise Institute - AEI. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  25. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali". Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  26. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali: 'Queers for Palestine' shows how stupid our society is". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 29 November 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  27. ^ "Civilization and Its Enemies - Opinion: Free Expression - WSJ Podcasts". WSJ. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  28. ^ Gregory, Elizabeth (17 August 2023). "Richard Dawkins: everything you need to know about the world's most famous atheist". London Evening Standard.
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference :9 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ Khalil, Mohammad Hassan, ed. (2017). "The New Atheism". Jihad, Radicalism, and the New Atheism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–96. doi:10.1017/9781108377263.009. ISBN 978-1-108-38512-1. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
  31. ^ Ali, Ayaan Hirsi (11 November 2023). "Why I am now a Christian". UnHerd.
  32. ^ "Hirsi Ali wins rights award from Danish cartoon paper". Montreal Gazette. Agence France-Presse. 2010. Archived from the original on 22 July 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
  33. ^ "Varför Vill Hon Fortfarande Vara Muslim?". den liberala scenen i svensk debatt. Smedjan.com. 30 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  34. ^ "Biography of Ayaan Hirsi Ali". The Globalist. Archived from the original on 7 April 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  35. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mahmood was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  36. ^ Yaghi, Adam (18 December 2015). "Popular Testimonial Literature by American Cultural Conservatives of Arab or Muslim Descent: Narrating the Self, Translating (an)Other". Middle East Critique. 25 (1): 83–98. doi:10.1080/19436149.2015.1107996. S2CID 146227696.
  37. ^ Cite error: The named reference Grewal was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  38. ^ "Ayaan Hirsi Ali on Immigration Reform and Assimilation in Europe". Literary Hub. 17 May 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2023.

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