BB84

BB84 is a quantum key distribution scheme developed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984.^[1] It is the first quantum cryptography protocol.^[2] The protocol is provably secure assuming a perfect implementation, relying on two conditions: (1) the quantum property that information gain is only possible at the expense of disturbing the signal if the two states one is trying to distinguish are not orthogonal (see no-cloning theorem); and (2) the existence of an authenticated public classical channel.^[3] It is usually explained as a method of securely communicating a private key from one party to another for use in one-time pad encryption.^[4] The proof of BB84 depends on a perfect implementation. Side channel attacks exist, taking advantage of non-quantum sources of information. Since this information is non-quantum, it can be intercepted without measuring or cloning quantum particles.^[5]

^ Bennett, C. H.; Brassard, G. (1984). "Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing". Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers, Systems & Signal Processing, Bangalore, India. Vol. 1. New York: IEEE. pp. 175–179. arXiv:2003.06557. doi:10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Reprinted as Bennett, C. H.; Brassard, G. (4 December 2014). "Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing". Theoretical Computer Science. Theoretical Aspects of Quantum Cryptography – celebrating 30 years of BB84. 560 (1): 7–11. arXiv:2003.06557. doi:10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025.
^ Branciard, Cyril; Gisin, Nicolas; Kraus, Barbara; Scarani, Valerio (2005). "Security of two quantum cryptography protocols using the same four qubit states". Physical Review A. 72 (3): 032301. arXiv:quant-ph/0505035. Bibcode:2005PhRvA..72c2301B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.72.032301. S2CID 53653084.
^ Scarani, Valerio; Bechmann-Pasquinucci, Helle; Cerf, Nicolas J.; Dušek, Miloslav; Lütkenhaus, Norbert; Peev, Momtchil (2009). "The security of practical quantum key distribution". Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 (3): 1301–1350. arXiv:0802.4155. Bibcode:2009RvMP...81.1301S. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1301. S2CID 15873250.
^ Quantum Computing and Quantum Information, Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang, Cambridge University Press 2000
^ Dixon, A. R., Dynes, J. F., Lucamarini, M., Fröhlich, B., Sharpe, A. W., Plews, A., Tam, W., Yuan, Z. L., Tanizawa, Y., Sato, H., Kawamura, S., Fujiwara, M., Sasaki, M., & Shields, A. J. (2017). Quantum key distribution with hacking countermeasures and long term field trial. Scientific Reports, 7, 1978.

[1] Bennett, C. H.; Brassard, G. (1984). "Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing". Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers, Systems & Signal Processing, Bangalore, India. Vol. 1. New York: IEEE. pp. 175–179. arXiv:2003.06557. doi:10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) Reprinted as Bennett, C. H.; Brassard, G. (4 December 2014). "Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing". Theoretical Computer Science. Theoretical Aspects of Quantum Cryptography – celebrating 30 years of BB84. 560 (1): 7–11. arXiv:2003.06557. doi:10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025.

[2] Branciard, Cyril; Gisin, Nicolas; Kraus, Barbara; Scarani, Valerio (2005). "Security of two quantum cryptography protocols using the same four qubit states". Physical Review A. 72 (3): 032301. arXiv:quant-ph/0505035. Bibcode:2005PhRvA..72c2301B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.72.032301. S2CID 53653084.

[3] Scarani, Valerio; Bechmann-Pasquinucci, Helle; Cerf, Nicolas J.; Dušek, Miloslav; Lütkenhaus, Norbert; Peev, Momtchil (2009). "The security of practical quantum key distribution". Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 (3): 1301–1350. arXiv:0802.4155. Bibcode:2009RvMP...81.1301S. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1301. S2CID 15873250.

[4] Quantum Computing and Quantum Information, Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang, Cambridge University Press 2000

[5] Dixon, A. R., Dynes, J. F., Lucamarini, M., Fröhlich, B., Sharpe, A. W., Plews, A., Tam, W., Yuan, Z. L., Tanizawa, Y., Sato, H., Kawamura, S., Fujiwara, M., Sasaki, M., & Shields, A. J. (2017). Quantum key distribution with hacking countermeasures and long term field trial. Scientific Reports, 7, 1978.

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