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B cell

This article is about the immune system cell. For the electrical cell, see Battery (vacuum tube). For β-cell of pancreas, see beta cell.
B lymphocyte cell
Animation of B cell
Details
PrecursorHematopoietic stem cell
SystemImmune system
Identifiers
Latinlymphocytus B
MeSHD001402
FMA62869
Anatomical terms of microanatomy

B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype.[1] They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system.[1] B cells produce antibody molecules which may be either secreted or inserted into the plasma membrane where they serve as a part of B-cell receptors.[2] When a naïve or memory B cell is activated by an antigen, it proliferates and differentiates into an antibody-secreting effector cell, known as a plasmablast or plasma cell.[2] In addition, B cells present antigens (they are also classified as professional antigen-presenting cells, APCs) and secrete cytokines.[1] In mammals, including marsupials [3] B cells mature in the bone marrow, which is at the core of most bones.[4] In birds, B cells mature in the bursa of Fabricius, a lymphoid organ where they were first discovered by Chang and Glick,[5] which is why the B stands for bursa and not bone marrow, as commonly believed.

B cells, unlike the other two classes of lymphocytes, T cells and natural killer cells, express B cell receptors (BCRs) on their cell membrane.[1] BCRs allow the B cell to bind to a foreign antigen, against which it will initiate an antibody response.[1] B cell receptors are extremely specific, with all BCRs on a B cell recognizing the same epitope.[6]

  1. ^ a b c d e Murphy K (2012). Janeway's Immunobiology (8th ed.). New York: Garland Science. ISBN 9780815342434.
  2. ^ a b Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). "B Cells and Antibodies". Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science.
  3. ^ Schraven, Andrea L.; Hansen, Victoria L.; Morrissey, K. A.; Stannard, Hayley J.; Ong, Oselyne O. T. W.; Douek, D. C.; Miller, Robert D.; Old, Julie M. (2021). "Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the B-cell repertoire reveals the usage of immunoglobulins in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)". Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 123: 104141. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2021.104141.
  4. ^ Cooper MD (March 2015). "The early history of B cells". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 15 (3): 191–197. doi:10.1038/nri3801. PMID 25656707.
  5. ^ Glick, Bruce; Chang, Timothy S.; Jaap, R. George (1956-01-01). "The Bursa of Fabricius and Antibody Production". Poultry Science. 35 (1): 224–225. doi:10.3382/ps.0350224. ISSN 0032-5791.
  6. ^ Jespersen, Martin Closter; Mahajan, Swapnil; Peters, Bjoern; Nielsen, Morten; Marcatili, Paolo (2019). "Antibody Specific B-Cell Epitope Predictions: Leveraging Information From Antibody-Antigen Protein Complexes". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 298. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00298. PMC 6399414. PMID 30863406.

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