Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis
	TEM micrograph of a B. subtilis cell in cross-section (scale bar = 200 nm)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Bacillota
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Bacillales
Family:	Bacillaceae
Genus:	Bacillus
Species:	B. subtilis
Binomial name
	Bacillus subtilis; (Ehrenberg 1835); Cohn 1872
Synonyms
	Vibrio subtilis Ehrenberg 1835; Until 2008, Bacillus globigii was thought to be B. subtilis but is since formally recognized as Bacillus atrophaeus.;

Bacillus subtilis (/bəˈsɪl.əs subˈtiː.lis/),^[3]^[4] known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, humans and marine sponges.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] As a member of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis is rod-shaped, and can form a tough, protective endospore, allowing it to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. B. subtilis has historically been classified as an obligate aerobe, though evidence exists that it is a facultative anaerobe. B. subtilis is considered the best studied Gram-positive bacterium and a model organism to study bacterial chromosome replication and cell differentiation. It is one of the bacterial champions in secreted enzyme production and used on an industrial scale by biotechnology companies.^[5]^[6]^[7]

^ Euzéby JP (2008). "Bacillus". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
^ Ambrosiano N (1999-06-30). "Lab biodetector tests to be safe, public to be well informed". Press release. Los Alamos National Labs. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
^ "How to pronounce bacillus". Cambridge Dictionary.
^ "subtilis". Wiktionary.
^ ^a ^b Errington J, Aart LT (May 2020). "Microbe Profile: Bacillus subtilis: model organism for cellular development, and industrial workhorse". Microbiology. 166 (5): 425–427. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000922. PMC 7376258. PMID 32391747.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Paul_2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Rahman_2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Paul SI, Rahman MM (October 2022). Gill SR (ed.). "Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis YBS29, a Potential Fish Probiotic That Prevents Motile Aeromonas Septicemia in Labeo rohita". Microbiology Resource Announcements. 11 (10): e0091522. doi:10.1128/mra.00915-22. PMC 9583808. PMID 36154193.

[1] Euzéby JP (2008). "Bacillus". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Retrieved 2008-11-18.

[2] Ambrosiano N (1999-06-30). "Lab biodetector tests to be safe, public to be well informed". Press release. Los Alamos National Labs. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-18.

[3] "How to pronounce bacillus". Cambridge Dictionary.

[4] "subtilis". Wiktionary.

[Errington_2020-5] Errington J, Aart LT (May 2020). "Microbe Profile: Bacillus subtilis: model organism for cellular development, and industrial workhorse". Microbiology. 166 (5): 425–427. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000922. PMC 7376258. PMID 32391747.

[Paul_2021-6] Cite error: The named reference Paul_2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Rahman_2020-7] Cite error: The named reference Rahman_2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[8] Paul SI, Rahman MM (October 2022). Gill SR (ed.). "Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis YBS29, a Potential Fish Probiotic That Prevents Motile Aeromonas Septicemia in Labeo rohita". Microbiology Resource Announcements. 11 (10): e0091522. doi:10.1128/mra.00915-22. PMC 9583808. PMID 36154193.

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Bacillus subtilis

TEM micrograph of a B. subtilis cell in cross-section (scale bar = 200 nm)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Bacillota
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Bacillales
Family:	Bacillaceae
Genus:	Bacillus
Species:	B. subtilis
Binomial name
*Bacillus subtilis* (Ehrenberg 1835) Cohn 1872
Synonyms
Vibrio subtilis Ehrenberg 1835 Until 2008, Bacillus globigii was thought to be B. subtilis but is since formally recognized as Bacillus atrophaeus.^[1]^[2]