Bahira

Bahira (Arabic: بَحِيرَىٰ, Classical Syriac: ܒܚܝܪܐ) is the name in Islamic tradition of a Christian monk who is said to have foretold Muhammad's prophethood when they met while Muhammad was accompanying his uncle Abu Talib on a trading trip.^[1]^[2] There are several versions of the story, with elements that contradict each other.^[3] All accounts of Bahira and his meeting with Muhammad have been deemed fictitious by modern historians^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] as well as by some medieval Muslim scholars, such as al-Dhahabi.^[9]

^ Abel, A. "Baḥīrā". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second edition. Brill. Brill Online, 2007 [1986].
^ Watt, W. Montgomery (1964). Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman, p. 1-2. Oxford University Press.
^ Roggema 2008, p. 46.
^ Roggema 2008, p. 52.
^ Gabriel 2007, p. 56.
^ Watt 1961, p. 9.
^ Rodinson 2021, p. 47.
^ Buhl & Welch 1993, p. 362.
^ ^a ^b Anthony 2020, p. 73.
^ Richard Gottheil (1899–1900). A Christian Bahira Legend. pp. 189–242.

[Bahira-1] Abel, A. "Baḥīrā". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second edition. Brill. Brill Online, 2007 [1986].

[watt1-2] Watt, W. Montgomery (1964). Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman, p. 1-2. Oxford University Press.

[FOOTNOTERoggema200846-3] Roggema 2008, p. 46.

[FOOTNOTERoggema200852-4] Roggema 2008, p. 52.

[FOOTNOTEGabriel200756-5] Gabriel 2007, p. 56.

[FOOTNOTEWatt19619-6] Watt 1961, p. 9.

[FOOTNOTERodinson202147-7] Rodinson 2021, p. 47.

[FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993362-8] Buhl & Welch 1993, p. 362.

[FOOTNOTEAnthony202073-9] Anthony 2020, p. 73.

[10] Richard Gottheil (1899–1900). A Christian Bahira Legend. pp. 189–242.

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