Ballistic pendulum

A ballistic pendulum is a device for measuring a bullet's momentum, from which it is possible to calculate the velocity and kinetic energy. Ballistic pendulums have been largely rendered obsolete by modern chronographs, which allow direct measurement of the projectile velocity.

Although the ballistic pendulum is considered obsolete, it remained in use for a significant length of time and led to great advances in the science of ballistics. The ballistic pendulum is still found in physics classrooms today, because of its simplicity and usefulness in demonstrating properties of momentum and energy. Unlike other methods of measuring the speed of a bullet, the basic calculations for a ballistic pendulum do not require any measurement of time, but rely only on measures of mass and distance.^[1]

In addition its primary uses of measuring the velocity of a projectile or the recoil of a gun, the ballistic pendulum can be used to measure any transfer of momentum. For example, a ballistic pendulum was used by physicist C. V. Boys to measure the elasticity of golf balls,^[2] and by physicist Peter Guthrie Tait to measure the effect that spin had on the distance a golf ball traveled.^[3]^[4]

^ "Ballistic pendulum". Encyclopædia Britannica.
^ Jervis-Smith, Frederick John (1911). "Chronograph" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 302.
^ Gustaf Hjalmar Eneström (1903). Bibliotheca Mathematica. B. G. Teubner.
^ Scientific Papers by Peter Guthrie Tait, Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. 1900. p. 374.

[ebMod-1] "Ballistic pendulum". Encyclopædia Britannica.

[eb1911-2] Jervis-Smith, Frederick John (1911). "Chronograph" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 302.

[3] Gustaf Hjalmar Eneström (1903). Bibliotheca Mathematica. B. G. Teubner.

[4] Scientific Papers by Peter Guthrie Tait, Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. 1900. p. 374.

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