Back بنو قينقاع Arabic بنو قينقاع ARZ بنی قینقاع AZB বনু কায়নুকা Bengali/Bangla Banu Qaynuqà Catalan بەنی قەینوقاع CKB Banū Qainuqāʿ German Banu Qainuqa Spanish بنیقینقاع Persian Banu Qainuqa Finnish
| Banu Qaynuqa بنو قينقاع | |
|---|---|
| Arabized Israelites | |
| Ethnicity | Jewish, Arabian |
| Nisba | al-Qaynuqa'i |
| Location | Medina, Saudi Arabia |
| Descended from | Kainuka ben Amshel |
| Religion | Judaism |
The Banu Qaynuqa (Arabic: بنو قينقاع; also spelled Banu Kainuka, Banu Kaynuka, Banu Qainuqa, Banu Qaynuqa) was one of the three main Jewish tribes that originally lived in Medina (now part of Saudi Arabia) before being expelled by the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. They were merchants and were known to be wealthy. They resided in the south-west part of the city and were previously allied with the Banu Khazraj.[1]
Islamic tradition says that in the year 624, when a Muslim woman came to the shop of a Banu Qaynuqa goldsmith, the goldsmith played a prank on her. She screamed, and a Muslim man killed him. His fellows took revenge and killed the Muslim man. Muhammad regarded this as a casus belli.[2][3] The Muslims accuse the tribe of breaking the Constitution of Medina.[4] Muhammad then besieged the tribe for fourteen or fifteen days, after which they surrendered unconditionally.[5][6] Following their capitulation, Muhammad had wanted to slaughter the Banu Qaynuqa men en masse, but was forced by Abd Allah ibn Ubayy, the chief of the Khazraj, to change his mind and let them live and expel them instead.[7][8] The Muslims also took the tribe's property as their booty.[9] It is suggested that this invasion was a way for Muhammad to eliminate the tribe from the market competition in the city.[7]
- ^ (Bosworth et al. 1998, p. 824)
- ^ Guillaume 363, Stillman 122, ibn Kathir 2.
- ^ Watt (1956), p. 207–9.
- ^ Peters, Francis E. (1994-01-01). Muhammad and the Origins of Islam. SUNY Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-7914-1875-8.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
BanuKaynuka2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
:3was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Brockopp, Jonathan E. (2010-04-19). The Cambridge Companion to Muhammad. Cambridge University Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-521-88607-9.
- ^ Swarup, Ram (2011-04-29). Understanding the Hadith: The Sacred Traditions of Islam. Prometheus Books. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-61592-243-7.
- ^ Michael V. McDonald (trans.), William Montgomery Watt (annot.) (1987). The history of al-Tabari (PDF). Vol. 7. New York. p. 87. ISBN 0-88706-345-4.
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