It has been suggested that Stomach reduction surgery be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since May 2024. |
Bariatric surgery | |
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Other names | Weight loss surgery |
MeSH | D050110 |
Part of a series on |
Human body weight |
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Bariatric surgery (or metabolic surgery or weight loss surgery) is a medical term for surgical procedures used to manage obesity and obesity-related conditions.[1][2] Long term weight loss with bariatric surgery may be achieved through alteration of gut hormones, physical reduction of stomach size, reduction of nutrient absorption, or a combination of these.[2][3] Standard of care procedures include Roux en-Y bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, from which weight loss is largely achieved by altering gut hormone levels responsible for hunger and satiety, leading to a new hormonal weight set point.[3]
In morbidly obese people, bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for weight loss and reducing complications.[4][5][6][7][8] A 2021 meta-analysis found that bariatric surgery was associated with reduction in all-cause mortality among obese adults with or without type 2 diabetes.[9] This meta-analysis also found that median life-expectancy was 9.3 years longer for obese adults with diabetes who received bariatric surgery as compared to routine (non-surgical) care, whereas the life expectancy gain was 5.1 years longer for obese adults without diabetes.[9] The risk of death in the period following surgery is less than 1 in 1,000.[10] A 2016 review estimated bariatric surgery could reduce all-cause mortality by 30-50% in obese people.[1] Bariatric surgery may also lower disease risk, including improvement in cardiovascular disease risk factors, fatty liver disease, and diabetes management.[11]
As of October 2022,[update] the American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity recommended consideration of bariatric surgery for adults meeting two specific criteria: people with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 35 whether or not they have an obesity-associated condition, and people with a BMI of 30–35 who have metabolic syndrome.[11][12] However, these designated BMI ranges do not hold the same meaning in particular populations, such as among Asian individuals, for whom bariatric surgery may be considered when a BMI is more than 27.5.[11] Similarly, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends bariatric surgery for adolescents 13 and older with a BMI greater than 120% of the 95th percentile for age and sex.[13]
Bariatric surgery represents the most effective approach to weight loss
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity.
Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age is increasing. Bariatric surgery is currently viewed as the most effective, long-term solution for this problem
Eisenberg-2022
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