Battle of Marash

Battle of Marash
	Part of the Franco-Turkish War
Date	21 January – 12 February 1920
Location	Marash, Aleppo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
Result	Turkish victory French troops abandon Marash;
Belligerents
Turkish National Movement Kuva-yi Milliye;	France ( ) French Armenian Legion;
Commanders and leaders
Arslan Bey; "Kılıç" Ali Bey	Henri Gouraud; General Louis Albert Quérette; Lieutenant Colonel Robert Normand; Major Jean-François-Henri Corneloup; Captain Pierre-Jean Daniel André
Strength
Varies throughout battle as numbers of supporters grow; ; French claim :; 30,000 armed guerrilla fighters; ; Turkish claim :; 2,500 Kuva-yi Milliye; Local support	Max. ~2,000 engaged in battle at one particular moment (as seen in order of battle); ; Turkish claim:; 3,000 French; 2,000 Armenians (non-French Armenians were mostly unarmed civilians); 4 armored cars; ; Western estimates:; 4,000+ total French-Senegalese troops
Casualties and losses
4,500 killed; 500+ wounded; (Including civilians)	160 killed ; 280 wounded ; 170 missing
	5,000–12,000 dead Armenian civilians

The Battle of Marash (Turkish: Maraş Muharebesi), also called the "Marash Affair",^[10] took place in the early winter of 1920 between the French forces occupying the city of Maraş in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish National Forces linked to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. It was the first major battle of the Turkish War of Independence, and the three-week-long engagement in the city ultimately forced the French to abandon and retreat from Marash and resulted in a Turkish massacre of Armenian refugees who had just been repatriated to the city following the Armenian Genocide.

^ The Lions of Marash (1973) Kerr p. 178
^ Hovannisian & Payaslian (2008) p.550
^ This is the figure given by French diplomat Philippe Berthelot during the London conference: Great Britain, Foreign Office. Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939. 1st series. Eds. Rohan Butler and J.P.T. Bury. London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1958, vol. 7, p. 301.
^ ^a ^b (in Turkish) Çarpışmaların Başlaması (Beginning of the engagements) Archived 11 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine. (History of Kahramanmaraş); Kahramanmaraş Official Governor Website.
^ King, William C. King's Complete History of the World War 1914–1918. Springfield, MA: The History Associates, 1922, p. 669
^ The Lions of Marash (1973) Kerr p. 195
^ (in Turkish) Sarıhan, Zeki. Kurtuluş Savaşı günlüğü: açıklamalı kronoloji. Öğretmen Dünyası, 1982, p. 328. ISBN 975-16-0517-2.
^ Cite error: The named reference fp was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Kerr196 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Pattie, Susan Paul (2018). The Armenian Legionnaires: Sacrifice and Betrayal in World War I. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 160. ISBN 9781838609306.

[Kerr178-1] The Lions of Marash (1973) Kerr p. 178

[Hov/Payas550-2] Hovannisian & Payaslian (2008) p.550

[3] This is the figure given by French diplomat Philippe Berthelot during the London conference: Great Britain, Foreign Office. Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939. 1st series. Eds. Rohan Butler and J.P.T. Bury. London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1958, vol. 7, p. 301.

[kahramanmaras-4] (in Turkish) Çarpışmaların Başlaması (Beginning of the engagements) Archived 11 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine. (History of Kahramanmaraş); Kahramanmaraş Official Governor Website.

[williamking-5] King, William C. King's Complete History of the World War 1914–1918. Springfield, MA: The History Associates, 1922, p. 669

[Kerr195-6] The Lions of Marash (1973) Kerr p. 195

[zeki-7] (in Turkish) Sarıhan, Zeki. Kurtuluş Savaşı günlüğü: açıklamalı kronoloji. Öğretmen Dünyası, 1982, p. 328. ISBN 975-16-0517-2.

[fp-8] Cite error: The named reference fp was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Kerr196-9] Cite error: The named reference Kerr196 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[pattie-10] Pattie, Susan Paul (2018). The Armenian Legionnaires: Sacrifice and Betrayal in World War I. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 160. ISBN 9781838609306.

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