Battle of Parma

Battle of Parma
	Part of Guelphs and Ghibellines
Date	1247–1248 ; 18 February 1248
Location	Parma, Emilia, present-day Italy
Result	Lombard League victory
Belligerents
Holy Roman Empire	Lombard League
Commanders and leaders
Frederick II; Taddeo da Suessa †	Gregorio da Montelongo
Strength
	5,600
Casualties and losses
1,500 killed ; 3,000 captured ; camp, crown, banner, scepter and seal looted	unknown

The Battle of Parma was fought on 18 February 1248 between the forces of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and the Lombard League. The Guelphs attacked the Imperial camp when Frederick II was away. The Imperial forces were defeated^[7] and much of Frederick's treasure was lost.

^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, S. 739, Band 12, 1885,
^ The Emperor Frederick II and the Sicilian Church ; H. J. Pybus / Cambridge Historical Journal, Vol. 3, No. 2 (1930), pp. 134–163
^ The Papacy, An Encyclopedia Vol. II ; by Philippe Levillain – John W. O'Malley
^ Saracen Archers in Southern Italy; by Giovanni Amatuccio / De Re Militari 2001
^ The Mirror of Language: A Study in the Medieval Theory of Knowledge; by Marcia L. Colish / Published by U of Nebraska Press, 1983
^ ^a ^b ^c Geschichte des deutschen Volkes Band2. Jacob Venedey Berlin. 1855. p. 602.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ The New Cambridge Medieval History V ; by Rosamond McKitterick, Christopher Allmand, David Abulafia, Paul Fouracre, Timothy Reuter, David Luscombe, Michael Jones, Jonathan Riley-Smith / Cambridge University Press, 1995

[1] Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, S. 739, Band 12, 1885,

[2] The Emperor Frederick II and the Sicilian Church ; H. J. Pybus / Cambridge Historical Journal, Vol. 3, No. 2 (1930), pp. 134–163

[3] The Papacy, An Encyclopedia Vol. II ; by Philippe Levillain – John W. O'Malley

[4] Saracen Archers in Southern Italy; by Giovanni Amatuccio / De Re Militari 2001

[ReferenceA-5] The Mirror of Language: A Study in the Medieval Theory of Knowledge; by Marcia L. Colish / Published by U of Nebraska Press, 1983

[JVe-6] Geschichte des deutschen Volkes Band2. Jacob Venedey Berlin. 1855. p. 602.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[7] The New Cambridge Medieval History V ; by Rosamond McKitterick, Christopher Allmand, David Abulafia, Paul Fouracre, Timothy Reuter, David Luscombe, Michael Jones, Jonathan Riley-Smith / Cambridge University Press, 1995

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