Battle of Verneuil

Battle of Verneuil
Part of the Hundred Years' War
Illumination from La Cronicque du temps de Tres Chrestien Roy Charles, septisme de ce nom, roy de France by Jean Chartier, c. 1470–1479
Date 17 August 1424 Location North of Verneuil-sur-Avre, Normandy 48°45′18″N 00°56′24″E / 48.75500°N 0.94000°E / 48.75500; 0.94000 Result English victory[1]
Belligerents
Kingdom of France Kingdom of Scotland Supported by: Duchy of Milan	Kingdom of England
Commanders and leaders
Count of Aumale † Earl of Douglas † Earl of Buchan † Viscount of Narbonne †	Duke of Bedford Earl of Salisbury
Strength
14,000–16,000[2]	8,000–9,000[3]
Casualties and losses
6,000 killed[4] 200 captured	1,600 killed[5]
class=notpageimage| Location within Normandy Show map of Normandy Battle of Verneuil (France) Show map of France

The Battle of Verneuil was a battle of the Hundred Years' War, fought on 17 August 1424 near Verneuil-sur-Avre in Normandy between an English army and a combined Franco-Scottish force, augmented by Milanese heavy cavalry. The battle was a significant English victory, and was described by them as a second Agincourt.

The battle started with a short archery exchange between English longbowmen and Scottish archers, after which the force of 2,000 Milanese heavy cavalry charged the English, brushed aside an ineffective English arrow barrage and wooden archer's stakes, penetrated the formation of English men-at-arms and routed one wing of their longbowmen. The Milanese pursued the fleeing English off the field and went on to capture and loot the English baggage train. Meanwhile, the well-armoured English and Franco-Scottish men-at-arms clashed on foot in a ferocious hand-to-hand melee that went on for about 45 minutes. Many of the English longbowmen rallied and joined the struggle. The French men-at-arms eventually routed, leaving the Scots alone in a last stand where they received no quarter from the English. The Milanese cavalry returned to the field at the end of the battle but fled upon discovering the fate of the Franco-Scottish force.

Altogether some 6,000 French and Scottish were killed and 200 taken prisoner.^[6][7] The Burgundian chronicler Jean de Wavrin, who fought in the battle, estimated 1,600 English killed, although the English commander, John, Duke of Bedford, claimed to have lost only two men-at-arms and "a very few archers". The Scots army, led by the earls of Douglas and Buchan (both of whom were killed in the battle), was almost destroyed. Many French nobles were taken prisoner, among them the Duke of Alençon and the Marshal de La Fayette. After Verneuil, the English were able to consolidate their position in Normandy. The Army of Scotland as a distinct unit ceased to play a significant part in the Hundred Years' War, although many Scots remained in French service.