Battle of the Little Bighorn

Battle of the Little Bighorn
Part of the Great Sioux War of 1876
The Battle of Little Bighorn by Charles Marion Russell
Date June 25–26, 1876 Location Near Little Bighorn River, Crow Indian Reservation, Big Horn County, Montana, U.S. 45°33′54″N 107°25′44″W / 45.56500°N 107.42889°W / 45.56500; -107.42889 (The Battle of Little BigHorn) Result Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho victory
Belligerents
Lakota Dakota Northern Cheyenne Arapaho	United States Crow scouts Arikara scouts
Commanders and leaders
Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Chief Gall Lame White Man † Two Moons	George A. Custer † Marcus Reno Frederick Benteen Myles Keogh † James Calhoun †
Units involved
Nations of the plains	7th Cavalry Regiment
Strength
1,100–2,500 warriors	c. 700 cavalrymen and scouts
Casualties and losses
31 (up to 300) killed Up to 160 wounded 10 non-combatants killed	268 killed 55 wounded (6 of whom later died of wounds)
Little Big Horn Battlefield class=notpageimage| Location within Montana

The Battle of the Little Bighorn, known to the Lakota and other Plains Indians as the Battle of the Greasy Grass,^[1][2] and commonly referred to as Custer's Last Stand, was an armed engagement between combined forces of the Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army. The battle, which resulted in the defeat of U.S. forces, was the most significant action of the Great Sioux War of 1876. It took place on June 25–26, 1876, along the Little Bighorn River in the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana Territory.^[3]

Most battles in the Great Sioux War, including the Battle of the Little Bighorn, were on lands those natives had taken from other tribes since 1851.^[4][5][6][7] The Lakotas were there without consent from the local Crow tribe, which had a treaty on the area. Already in 1873, Crow chief Blackfoot had called for U.S. military actions against the native intruders.^[8][9] The steady Lakota invasion (a reaction to white encroachment into the Black Hills) into treaty areas belonging to the smaller tribes^[10] ensured the United States a firm Indian alliance with the Arikaras^[11] and the Crows during the Lakota Wars.^[12][13][14]

The fight was an overwhelming victory for the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho, who were led by several major war leaders, including Crazy Horse and Chief Gall, and had been inspired by the visions of Sitting Bull (Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake). The U.S. 7th Cavalry, a force of 700 men, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer (a brevetted major general during the American Civil War), suffered a major defeat. Five of the 7th Cavalry's twelve companies were wiped out, and Custer was killed, as were two of his brothers, his nephew, and his brother-in-law. The total U.S. casualty count included 268 dead and 55 severely wounded (6 died later from their wounds),^[15]: 244 including 4 Crow Indian scouts and at least 2 Arikara Indian scouts.

Public response to the Great Sioux War varied in the immediate aftermath of the battle. Custer's widow Libbie Custer soon worked to burnish her husband's memory and during the following decades, Custer and his troops came to be considered heroic figures in American history. The battle and Custer's actions in particular have been studied extensively by historians.^[16] Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument honors those who fought on both sides.