Bengal Province Bengal Subāh | |||||||||||||||
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1576–1793 | |||||||||||||||
Flag of Nawab of Bengal after 1717 | |||||||||||||||
![]() Map of the Bengal Subah in 1776 | |||||||||||||||
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Capital |
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Religion |
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Government |
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Subahdars/Nawab Nazims (see below) | |||||||||||||||
Historical era | Early modern period | ||||||||||||||
12 July 1576 | |||||||||||||||
1571–1611 | |||||||||||||||
• Establishment of Jahangirnagar | 1608 | ||||||||||||||
• de facto Independence from Mughals | 1717 | ||||||||||||||
April 1741–March 1751 | |||||||||||||||
1757 | |||||||||||||||
1764 | |||||||||||||||
• Grant of revenue to Company | 1765 | ||||||||||||||
• Grant of judiciary to Company | 1793 | ||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1793 | ||||||||||||||
Currency | Taka | ||||||||||||||
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Today part of | |||||||||||||||
History of Bangladesh |
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History of India |
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Timeline |
The Bengal Subah, also referred to as Mughal Bengal, was the largest subdivision of the Mughal Empire encompassing much of the Bengal region, which includes modern-day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and some parts of the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha between the 16th and 18th centuries. The state was established following the dissolution of the Bengal Sultanate, a major trading nation in the world, when the region was absorbed into the Mughal Empire. Bengal was the wealthiest region in the Indian subcontinent.
Bengal Subah has been variously described the "Paradise of Nations"[6] and the "Golden Age of Bengal".[7] It alone accounted for 40% of Dutch imports from Asia.[8] The eastern part of Bengal was globally prominent in industries such as textile manufacturing and shipbuilding,[9] and it was a major exporter of silk and cotton textiles, steel, saltpeter, and agricultural and industrial produce in the world.[10] The region was also the basis of the Anglo-Bengal War.[11]
By the 18th century, Bengal emerged as a semi-independent state, under the rule of the Nawabs of Bengal, who acted on Mughal sovereignty. It started to undergo proto-industrialization, making significant contributions to the first Industrial Revolution,[12][13][14][15] especially industrial textile manufacturing. In 1757 and 1764, the Company defeated the Nawab of Bengal at the Battle of Plassey and the Battle of Buxar, and Bengal came under British influence. It was deindustrialized[12][13][14][10] after being conquered by the British East India Company. In 1765, Emperor Shah Alam II granted the office of the Diwani of Bengal (second-highest office in a province, included revenue rights) to the Company and the office of the Nizamat of Bengal (highest office, administrative and judicial rights) in 1793.[16] The Nawab of Bengal, who previously possessed both these offices, was now formally powerless and became a titular monarch.
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