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Bhikaiji Cama

Madam Bhikhaiji Cama
Born(1861-09-24)24 September 1861
Navsari, Bombay Presidency, British India
(present day Gujarat, India)
Died13 August 1936(1936-08-13) (aged 74)
Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India
(present day Maharashtra, India)
Organisation(s)India House,
Paris Indian Society,
Indian National Congress
MovementIndian independence movement
Spouse
Rustom Cama
​
(m. 1885)​
Design of the "Flag of Indian Independence" raised by Bhikhaiji Cama on 22 August 1907, at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany.
Based on the Calcutta Flag, the green, yellow and red fields represent Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism respectively. The crescent moon and the sun again represent Islam and Hinduism, respectively. The eight lotuses in the upper register represent the eight provinces of British India. The words in the middle are in Devanagri script and read Vande Mataram "[We] Bow to thee Mother [India]", the slogan of the Indian National Congress.
The design was adopted in 1914 as the emblem of the Berlin Committee (later known as the Indian Independence Committee). The original "Flag of Indian Independence" raised by Cama in Stuttgart is now on display at the Maratha and Kesari Library in Pune

Bhikhaiji Rustom Cama[n 1] (24 September 1861 – 13 August 1936) or simply as, Madam Cama, was one of the prominent figures in the Indian independence movement.[1] She unfurled one of the earliest versions of flag of independent India on August 22, 1907 and she was the first person to hoist an Indian flag in a foreign nation, at the International Socialist Conference at Stuttgart.[2]


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  1. ^ Kapil, Garima (11 May 2017). "Madam Cama: A philanthropist, considerate yet determined personality of the Indian Nationalist Movement". Connected to India. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
  2. ^ Pal, Sanchari (24 September 2016). "The Untold Story of Bhikaji Cama". The Better India.

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