Bhumij language

Bhumij
Bhumij
ভূমিজ, ଭୁମିଜ୍, भूमिज
	The word "Bhumij" in Ol Onal script
Native to	Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, India
Ethnicity	Bhumij people
Native speakers	27,506 (2011 census)
Language family	Austroasiatic Munda North Munda Kherwarian Mundaric Bhumij; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Ol Onal script Others: Devanagari script, Odia script, Bengali script
Official status
Official language in	India Jharkhand (additional);
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Linguist List	unr-bhu
Glottolog	bhum1234 Bhumij
ELP	Bhumij
	Distribution of Bhumij language in India
	Bhumij is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Bhumij is an Austroasiatic language belonging to the Munda subfamily, related to Ho, Mundari, and Santali, primarily spoken by Bhumij peoples in the Indian states Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal.^[2]^[3] As per the 2011 census, only 27,506 people out of 911,349 Bhumij people spoke Bhumij as their mother tongue, as most Bhumijas have shifted to one of the regional dominant languages.^[4]^[5]^[6] Thus the language is considered an extremely endangered language.^[7]^[8]

^ Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexander, eds. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (PDF) (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022.
^ Parkin, Robert; Parkin, Visiting Lecturer Research Associate Robert (1991). A Guide to Austroasiatic Speakers and Their Languages. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1377-2.
^ Anderson, Gregory D. S. (8 April 2015). The Munda Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-82886-0.
^ "A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix". censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011" (PDF). www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
^ Linguistic Survey of India. Office of the superintendent of government printing, India. 1906.
^ "Did you know Bhumij is at risk?". Endangered Languages. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
^ Abbi, Anvita (1997). Languages of Tribal and Indigenous Peoples of India: The Ethnic Space. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 978-81-208-1374-8.