Molecule-specific coordinate bonding area in biological systems
Glucose binds to hexokinase in the active site at the beginning of glycolysis. In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity .[1] The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand .[2] Ligands may include other proteins (resulting in a protein–protein interaction ),[3] enzyme substrates ,[4] second messengers , hormones , or allosteric modulators .[5] The binding event is often, but not always, accompanied by a conformational change that alters the protein's function .[6] Binding to protein binding sites is most often reversible (transient and non-covalent ), but can also be covalent reversible[7] or irreversible.[8]
^ "Binding site" . Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) . U.S. National Library of Medicine. The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
^ "Ligands" . Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) . U.S. National Library of Medicine. A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule.
^ Amos-Binks A, Patulea C, Pitre S, Schoenrock A, Gui Y, Green JR, Golshani A, Dehne F (June 2011). "Binding site prediction for protein-protein interactions and novel motif discovery using re-occurring polypeptide sequences" . BMC Bioinformatics . 12 : 225. doi :10.1186/1471-2105-12-225 . PMC 3120708 . PMID 21635751 .
^ Hardin CC, Knopp JA (2013). "Chapter 8: Enzymes". Biochemistry - Essential Concepts . New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 51–69. ISBN 978-1-62870-176-0 .
^ Kenakin TP (April 2016). "Characteristics of Allosterism in Drug Action" . In Bowery NG (ed.). Allosteric Receptor Modulation in Drug Targeting . CRC Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-4200-1618-5 .
^ Spitzer R, Cleves AE, Varela R, Jain AN (April 2014). "Protein function annotation by local binding site surface similarity" . Proteins . 82 (4): 679–94. doi :10.1002/prot.24450 . PMC 3949165 . PMID 24166661 .
^ Bandyopadhyay A, Gao J (October 2016). "Targeting biomolecules with reversible covalent chemistry" . Current Opinion in Chemical Biology . 34 : 110–116. doi :10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.011 . PMC 5107367 . PMID 27599186 .
^ Bellelli A, Carey J (January 2018). "Reversible Ligand Binding" . Reversible Ligand Binding: Theory and Experiment . John Wiley & Sons. p. 278. ISBN 978-1-119-23848-5 .