A bio-based material is a material intentionally made, either wholly or partially, from substances derived from living (or once-living) organisms,[1] such as plants, animals, enzymes, and microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and yeast.[2][3]
Due to their main characteristics of being renewable and to their ability to store carbon over their growth, recent years assisted to their upsurge as a valid alternative compared to more traditional materials in view of climate mitigation.[4]
In European context, more specifically, European Union, which has set 2050 as a target date to reach climate neutrality,[5] is trying to implement, among other measures, the production and utilization of bio-based materials in many diverse sectors. Indeed, several European regulations, such as the European Industrial Strategy,[6] the EU Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Initiative [7] and the Circular Action Plan,[8] emphasize bio-materials. These regulations aim to support innovation, investment, and market adoption of bio-materials while enhancing the transition towards a circular economy where resources are used more efficiently.[9] In this regard, the application of bio-based materials has been already tested on several market segments, ranging from the production of chemicals, to packaging and textiles, till the fabrication of full construction components.[9]
Bio-based materials can differ depending on the origin of the biomass they're mostly constituted.[10] Moreover, they can be differently manufactured,[4] resulting in either simple or more complex engineered bio-products, which can be used for many applications.[11] Among processed materials, it is possible to distinguish between bio-based polymers, bio-based plastics, bio-based chemical fibres, bio-based rubber, bio-based coatings, bio-based material additives, bio-based composites.[11] Unprocessed materials, instead, may be called biotic material.
- ^ Development, Office of Research &. "BIOBASED MATERIALS". cfpub.epa.gov. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
- ^ Bourbia, S.; Kazeoui, H.; Belarbi, R. (August 2023). "A review on recent research on bio-based building materials and their applications". Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 12 (2): 117–139. doi:10.1007/s40243-023-00234-7. ISSN 2194-1459.
- ^ Sherwood, James; Clark, James; Farmer, Thomas; Herrero-Davila, Lorenzo; Moity, Laurianne (2016-12-29). "Recirculation: A New Concept to Drive Innovation in Sustainable Product Design for Bio-Based Products". Molecules. 22 (1): 48. doi:10.3390/molecules22010048. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 6155919. PMID 28036077.
- ^ a b "The Circular Economy of Carbon: The Role of Bio-Based Materials". Human Spaces. 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2024-07-12.
- ^ "Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions". www.eea.europa.eu. 2024-03-25. Retrieved 2024-07-12.
- ^ "European industrial strategy - European Commission". commission.europa.eu. Retrieved 2024-07-12.
- ^ "Press corner". European Commission - European Commission. Retrieved 2024-07-12.
- ^ "Circular economy action plan - European Commission". environment.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2024-07-12.
- ^ a b "Commission takes action to boost biotechnology and biomanufacturing in the EU". ec.europa.eu. 2024-03-20.
- ^ Castellano, Giorgio; Paoletti, Ingrid Maria; Malighetti, Laura Elisabetta; Carcassi, Olga Beatrice; Pradella, Federica; Pittau, Francesco (2023), Amziane, Sofiane; Merta, Ildiko; Page, Jonathan (eds.), "Bio-based Solutions for the Retrofit of the Existing Building Stock: A Systematic Review", Bio-Based Building Materials, vol. 45, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, pp. 399–419, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-33465-8_31, ISBN 978-3-031-33464-1, retrieved 2024-07-12
- ^ a b "What Are The Categories Of Bio-Based Materials? What Is The Relevance To Carbon Emissions?". 2022-03-11.
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