Biometrics

Biometrics are body measurements and calculations related to human characteristics. Biometric authentication (or realistic authentication) is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. It is also used to identify individuals in groups that are under surveillance.

Biometric identifiers are the distinctive, measurable characteristics used to label and describe individuals. Biometric identifiers are often categorized as physiological characteristics which are related to the shape of the body. Examples include, but are not limited to fingerprint,^[1] palm veins, face recognition, DNA, palm print, hand geometry, iris recognition, retina, odor/scent, voice, shape of ears and gait. Behavioral characteristics are related to the pattern of behavior of a person, including but not limited to mouse movement,^[2] typing rhythm, gait, signature, behavioral profiling, and voice. Some researchers have coined the term behaviometrics to describe the latter class of biometrics.^[3]

More traditional means of access control include token-based identification systems, such as a driver's license or passport, and knowledge-based identification systems, such as a password or personal identification number. Since biometric identifiers are unique to individuals, they are more reliable in verifying identity than token and knowledge-based methods; however, the collection of biometric identifiers raises privacy concerns about the ultimate use of this information.

^ Cao, Liling; Ge, Wancheng (10 March 2015). "Analysis and improvement of a multi-factor biometric authentication scheme: Analysis and improvement of a MFBA scheme". Security and Communication Networks. 01 (4): 617–625. doi:10.1002/sec.1010.
^ Villas-Boas, Antonio. "Passwords are incredibly insecure, so websites and apps are quietly tracking your mouse movements and smartphone swipes without you knowing to make sure it's really you". Business Insider. Retrieved 22 November 2021. Passwords are incredibly insecure, so websites and apps are quietly tracking your mouse movements and Android swipes without you knowing to make sure it's really you
^ Alzubaidi, Abdulaziz; Kalita, Jugal (2016). "Authentication of Smartphone Users Using Behavioral Biometrics". IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 18 (3): 1998–2026. arXiv:1911.04104. doi:10.1109/comst.2016.2537748. ISSN 1553-877X. S2CID 8443300.

[1] Cao, Liling; Ge, Wancheng (10 March 2015). "Analysis and improvement of a multi-factor biometric authentication scheme: Analysis and improvement of a MFBA scheme". Security and Communication Networks. 01 (4): 617–625. doi:10.1002/sec.1010.

[2] Villas-Boas, Antonio. "Passwords are incredibly insecure, so websites and apps are quietly tracking your mouse movements and smartphone swipes without you knowing to make sure it's really you". Business Insider. Retrieved 22 November 2021. Passwords are incredibly insecure, so websites and apps are quietly tracking your mouse movements and Android swipes without you knowing to make sure it's really you

[3] Alzubaidi, Abdulaziz; Kalita, Jugal (2016). "Authentication of Smartphone Users Using Behavioral Biometrics". IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 18 (3): 1998–2026. arXiv:1911.04104. doi:10.1109/comst.2016.2537748. ISSN 1553-877X. S2CID 8443300.

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