Birka

Birka
	Ansgars Cross in Birka
Location	Ekerö Municipality, Sweden
Coordinates	59°20′10″N 17°32′43″E / 59.33611°N 17.54528°E
History
Founded	8th century
Abandoned	10th century
Periods	Viking Age
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	Birka and Hovgården
Type	Cultural
Criteria	iii, iv
Designated	1993 (17th session)
Reference no.	555
Region	Europe and North America

Birka listen^ⓘ (Birca in medieval sources), on the island of Björkö (lit. "Birch Island") in present-day Sweden, was an important Viking Age trading center which handled goods from Scandinavia as well as many parts of the European continent and the Orient.^[1] Björkö is located in Lake Mälaren, 30 kilometers west of contemporary Stockholm, in the municipality of Ekerö.

Birka was founded around AD 750 and it flourished for more than 200 years. It was abandoned c. AD 975, around the same time Sigtuna was founded as a Christian town some 35 km to the northeast. It has been estimated that the population in Viking Age Birka was between 500 and 1000 people.^[1]

The archaeological sites of Birka and Hovgården, on the neighbouring island of Adelsö, make up an archaeological complex which illustrates the elaborate trading networks of Viking Scandinavia and their influence on the subsequent history of Europe. Generally regarded as Sweden's oldest town,^[2] Birka (along with Hovgården) has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1993. Many burial sites have been uncovered at Birka, leading to the finding of many objects including jewelry and many textile fragments. In recent years, objects from Birka have been in the public eye due to ongoing academic research connection Birka to evidence of trade with the Middle East.^[3]

^ ^a ^b Price, T. Douglas; Arcini, Caroline; Gustin, Ingrid; Drenzel, Leena; Kalmring, Sven (March 2018). "Isotopes and human burials at Viking Age Birka and the Mälaren region, east central Sweden". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 49: 19–38. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2017.10.002.
^ 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, article "Sweden".
^ Geijer, Agnes (1979). A History of Textile Art. London: Pasold Research Fund in association with Sotheby Parke Bernet. p. 245. ISBN 0-85667-055-3. OCLC 5871922.

[:0-1] Price, T. Douglas; Arcini, Caroline; Gustin, Ingrid; Drenzel, Leena; Kalmring, Sven (March 2018). "Isotopes and human burials at Viking Age Birka and the Mälaren region, east central Sweden". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 49: 19–38. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2017.10.002.

[2] 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, article "Sweden".

[3] Geijer, Agnes (1979). A History of Textile Art. London: Pasold Research Fund in association with Sotheby Parke Bernet. p. 245. ISBN 0-85667-055-3. OCLC 5871922.

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