Black Spring (Algeria)

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Black Spring
Part of the Algerian Civil War
Date	20 April 2001 – April 2002
Location	Kabylie,  Algeria
Caused by	Marginalization of Kabyles Murder of Massinissa Guermah
Methods	Demonstrations
Resulted in	Government concedes to Kabyle demands Constitution amended Gendarmerie Nationale withdrawn from Kabylie Berber languages recognized as a national language Barbacha gains de facto autonomy from the Algerian state
Parties
Kabyles Berber Arouch Citizens' Movement Rally for Culture and Democracy Socialist Forces Front  Algeria Democratic National Rally Movement of Society for Peace National Liberation Front Armed Forces
Lead figures
Belaïd Abrika Ferhat Mehenni Saïd Sadi Hocine Aït Ahmed Abdelaziz Bouteflika Ali Benflis Mohamed Lamari
Casualties
Death(s)	126 killed[1]
Injuries	Thousands
Arrested	Thousands

The Black Spring (Kabyle: Tafsut Taberkant) was a series of protests and political demonstrations by Kabyle activists in the Kabylie region of Algeria in 2001, which were met by repressive and violent police measures and became a potent symbol of Kabyle discontent with the national government. The protests took place against a backdrop of long-standing cultural marginalization of the Highlander Kabyle, a homogeneous Berber linguistic group in Algeria (Berber speakers form some 25%–35% of the total population, although exact numbers are disputed) despite the most rigid government-sponsored Arabization measures of the 1960s through the 1980s having been lifted. The name "Black Spring" alludes to the events known as the Berber Spring of the 1980s, in which mainly Kabyle civil society activists challenged the ban on Berber culture then in place, demanding cultural rights and democracy.