Back Swartrenoster Afrikaans Diceros bicornis AN كركدن أسود Arabic وحيد القرن الاسود ARZ ЧӀегӀераб гъаргъадан AV Beicekol (Diceros bicornis) AVK Qara kərgədan Azerbaijani Чорны насарог Byelorussian Черен носорог Bulgarian কালো গণ্ডার Bengali/Bangla
| Black rhinoceros or hook-lipped rhinoceros[1] Temporal range: Pliocene - Recent
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|---|---|
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| A south-central black rhinoceros (D. b. minor) in South Africa | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Perissodactyla |
| Family: | Rhinocerotidae |
| Genus: | Diceros |
| Species: | D. bicornis
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| Binomial name | |
| Diceros bicornis | |
| Subspecies | |
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Diceros bicornis bicornis † | |
_of_Diceros_bicornis..svg)
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| Historical black rhinoceros range (ca. 1700 A.D.).[4] Hatched: Possible historical range in West Africa.[5] | |
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| Current black rhinoceros range Extant, resident Extinct Extant & Reintroduced (resident) Extant & Assisted Colonisation (resident)
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| Synonyms | |
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The black rhinoceros, black rhino or hook-lipped rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) is a species of rhinoceros, native to eastern and southern Africa including Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Although the species is referred to as black, its colours vary from brown to grey. It is the only extant species of the genus Diceros.
The other African rhinoceros is the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). The word "white" in the name "white rhinoceros" is often said to be a misinterpretation of the Afrikaans word wyd (Dutch wijd) meaning wide, referring to its square upper lip, as opposed to the pointed or hooked lip of the black rhinoceros. These species are now sometimes referred to as the square-lipped (for white) or hook-lipped (for black) rhinoceros.[6]
The species overall is classified as critically endangered (even though the south-western black rhinoceros is classified as near threatened) and is threatened by multiple factors including poaching and habitat reduction. Three subspecies have been declared extinct, including the western black rhinoceros, which was declared extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2011.[7][8] The IUCN estimates that there are 3,142 mature individuals remaining in the wild.[2]
- ^ Grubb, P. (2005). "Order Perissodactyla". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 635–636. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b Emslie, R. (2020). "Diceros bicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T6557A152728945. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T6557A152728945.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Hillma994was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Rookmaaker, L.C. (2004). "Historical distribution of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in West Africa" (PDF). African Zoology. 39 (1): 63–70. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
- ^ White rhinoceros Archived 19 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Animal Corner
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
iucnWesternwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Knight, Matthew (10 November 2011) Western black rhino declared extinct Archived 6 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Us.cnn.com.
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