Bounded quantification

In type theory, bounded quantification (also bounded polymorphism or constrained genericity) refers to universal or existential quantifiers which are restricted ("bounded") to range only over the subtypes of a particular type. Bounded quantification is an interaction of parametric polymorphism with subtyping. Bounded quantification has traditionally been studied in the functional setting of System F_<:, but is available in modern object-oriented languages supporting parametric polymorphism (generics) such as Java, C# and Scala.