Braid statistics

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Statistical mechanics
Thermodynamics Kinetic theory
Particle statistics Spin–statistics theorem Indistinguishable particles Maxwell–Boltzmann Bose–Einstein Fermi–Dirac Parastatistics Anyonic statistics Braid statistics
Thermodynamic ensembles NVE Microcanonical NVT Canonical µVT Grand canonical NPH Isoenthalpic–isobaric NPT Isothermal–isobaric
Models Debye Einstein Ising Potts
Potentials Internal energy Enthalpy Helmholtz free energy Gibbs free energy Grand potential / Landau free energy
Scientists Maxwell Boltzmann Helmholtz Bose Gibbs Einstein Dirac Ehrenfest von Neumann Tolman Debye Fermi Synge Ising Landau
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In mathematics and theoretical physics, braid statistics is a generalization of the spin statistics of bosons and fermions based on the concept of braid group. While for fermions (bosons) the corresponding statistics is associated to a phase gain of ${\displaystyle \pi }$ (${\displaystyle 2\pi }$) under the exchange of identical particles, a particle with braid statistics leads to a rational fraction of ${\displaystyle \pi }$ under such exchange ^[1][2] or even a non-trivial unitary transformation in the Hilbert space (see non-Abelian anyons). A similar notion exists using a loop braid group.