Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru
IUCN category II (national park)
Sunrise in the steaming crater of Mount Bromo with stately Mount Semeru imposing in the background.
Bromo Tengger Semeru NP Location in Java Show map of Java Bromo Tengger Semeru NP Bromo Tengger Semeru NP (Indonesia) Show map of Indonesia
Location	East Java, Indonesia
Nearest city	Malang Regency, Lumajang Regency, Pasuruan, Probolinggo
Coordinates	8°1′S 112°55′E / 8.017°S 112.917°E / -8.017; 112.917
Area	50,276 hectares (124,230 acres; 502.76 km2)
Established	October 14, 1982 (1982-10-14)
Visitors	61,704 (in 2007[1])
Governing body	Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Website	bromotenggersemeru.org

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (Indonesian: Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru; abbreviated as TNBTS) is a national park located in East Java, Indonesia, to the east of Malang and Lumajang, to the south of Pasuruan and Probolinggo, and to the southeast of Surabaya, the capital of East Java. It is the only conservation area in Indonesia that has a sand sea,^[2] the Tengger Sand Sea (Indonesian: Laut Pasir Tengger), across which is the caldera of an ancient volcano (Tengger) from which four new volcanic cones have emerged. This unique feature covers a total area of 5,250 hectares at an altitude of about 2,100 meters (6,900 ft).^[2] The massif also contains the highest mountain in Java,^[3] Mount Semeru (3,676 meters (12,060 ft)), four lakes and 50 rivers. It is named after the Tengger tribe. The explosion of the volcano that created the caldera, happened ca. 45.000 years ago, in an event similar to the Krakatau eruption.^[4]

The Tengger Sand Sea has been protected since 1919. The Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park was declared a national park in 1982.^[5]