Back الأزمة البوذية Arabic Buddist böhranı Azerbaijani Yr argyfwng Bwdhaidd Welsh Buddhistenkrise German Budhana krizo Esperanto Incidente budista en 1963 Spanish Buddhalainen kriisi Finnish Crise bouddhiste French Krisis Buddhis Vietnam ID Crisi buddista del Vietnam Italian
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| Part of the Vietnam War | |||
Thích Quảng Đức's self-immolation (top) Altar to the Buddhist victims to the 1963 turmoil at Từ Hiếu Temple, Huế (bottom) | |||
| Date | May 8 – November 2, 1963 (5 months, 3 weeks and 4 days) | ||
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The Buddhist crisis (Vietnamese: Biến cố Phật giáo) was a period of political and religious tension in South Vietnam between May and November 1963, characterized by a series of repressive acts by the South Vietnamese government and a campaign of civil resistance, led mainly by Buddhist monks.[1]
The fact that the South Vietnamese government was anti-Buddhist remains unproven. A 1963 United Nations investigation concluded that Buddhist worship was free. Furthermore, according to historian Mark Moyar, Diem pursued public policies that favored the Buddhist community in South Vietnam, by granting them licenses to conduct religious activities that had been banned by the former French colonial government, and by sponsoring the construction of Buddhist schools, holding ceremonies, and building new pagodas. Of Diem's eighteen cabinet members, five were Catholics, five were Confucianists, and eight were Buddhists, including a vice president and a foreign minister. Only three of the nineteen senior military officials were Catholics.[2] According to Słowiak, Diệm's favoritism towards Catholics was not a sign of corruption and nepotism, but that it was necessary for Diệm to favor people loyal towards him, given the precarious internal situation of Vietnam.[3] While the Diem government always denied any accusations of repression against Buddhists and presented these self-immolations and riots as the result of infiltration by communist guerrillas disguised as monks; Some Franco-Vietnamese authors supported this infiltration thesis, which then allowed American and North Vietnamese propaganda to widely exploit these troubles with the aim of destabilizing and defaming the South Vietnamese government.[4] Thus, police searches allowed the South Vietnamese government to discover the presence of weapons of war in certain pagodas, leading to the closure of 12 of them.[4]
The crisis was precipitated by the shootings of nine unarmed civilians on May 8 in the central city of Huế who were protesting against a ban of the Buddhist flag. The crisis ended with a coup in November 1963 by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), and the arrest and assassination of President Ngô Đình Diệm on November 2, 1963.
- ^ Adam Roberts, 'Buddhism and Politics in South Vietnam', The World Today, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, vol. 21, no. 6, June 1965, pp. 240–50 analyses the causes of the Buddhist crisis and its significance as a case of non-violent struggle.
- ^ Moyar, Mark (2006). Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 216.
- ^ Słowiak, Jerema (2017). "Role of the Religion and Politico-Religious Organizations in the South Vietnam During Ngo Dinh Diem Period" (PDF). Nauki Społeczne (16). Kraków: Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów UJ: 109–124. ISSN 2082-9213.
- ^ a b Ngo-Dinh Quynh, Ngo-Dinh Le Quyen, Jacqueline Willemetz, La République du Viet-Nam et les Ngo-Dinh, Paris 2013, p. 62 à 69.
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