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The Bundeswehr (German: [ˈbʊndəsˌveːɐ̯] ⓘ, literally Federal Defence) are the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Bundeswehr is divided into a military part (armed forces or Streitkräfte) and a civil part, the military part consists of the four armed forces: German Army, German Navy, German Air Force and Cyber and Information Domain Service, which are supported by the Bundeswehr Support Area.
As of 31 May 2024[update], the Bundeswehr had a strength of 180,215 active-duty military personnel and 80,761 civilians,[4] placing it among the 30 largest military forces in the world, and making it the second largest in the European Union behind France. In addition, the Bundeswehr has approximately 34,600 reserve personnel (2024).[5] With German military expenditures at $66.8 billion (2023),[9] the Bundeswehr is the seventh highest-funded military in the world, though military expenditures have until recently remained low at an average at 1.5% of national GDP,[9] well below the non-binding NATO target of 2%. In 2024, Germany fulfilled NATO obligations of spending 2% of its GDP on its armed forces.[10] Germany is aiming to expand the Bundeswehr to around 203,000 soldiers by 2025 to better cope with increasing responsibilities.[11]
Following concerns from the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Germany announced a major shift in policy, pledging a €100 billion special fund for the Bundeswehr – to remedy years of underinvestment – along with raising the budget to above 2% GDP.[12] In 2025, the German constitution was amended, exempting military and intelligence spending above 1% GDP from the Schuldenbremse (debt limit).
- ^ "'Wir. Dienen. Deutschland.' Das Selbstverständnis der Bundeswehr". Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ "Art 65a Basic Law". Gesetze-im-internet.de. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ "Art 115b Basic Law". Gesetze-im-internet.de. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ a b "Aktuelle Personalzahlen der Bundeswehr [Current personnel numbers of the Federal Defence]". Retrieved 28 January 2024.
- ^ a b "Auftrag der Reserve". Retrieved 13 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Verteidigungshaushalt 2024" (in German). Bundesministerium der Verteidigung. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
- ^ "Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)" (PDF). NATO. 17 June 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ a b "TIV of arms imports/exports data for India, 2014-2022". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 26 January 2024.
- ^ a b Nan Tian, Diego Lopes da Silva, Xiao Liang, Lorenzo Scarazzato. "Trends in World Military Expenditure 2023" (PDF). SIPRI. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Ratz, Alexander (14 February 2024). "Germany hits 2% NATO spending target for first time since end of Cold War". Reuters. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
- ^ "Germany may increase troop numbers to 203,000 by 2025 – DW – 26.11.2018". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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