Business-firm party

A business-firm party, entrepreneurial party,^[2] personal party^[3]^[4]^[5] or personalist party^[6]^[7]^[8] is a type of political party that is centered on a charismatic political entrepreneur, most often created by that person to further their own interests.^[9]

^ Cite error: The named reference extreme was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Kosowska was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Kefford was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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^ Smrek, Michal (2020). "Can Personal Parties Facilitate Women's Political Seniority? A Study of Internal Rules of Conduct". Social Politics. 29 (1): 240–259. doi:10.1093/sp/jxaa031.
^ Frantz, Erica; Kendall-Taylor, Andrea; Wright, Joseph (2024). "What Are Personalist Parties?". The Origins of Elected Strongmen. pp. 22–62. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.003.0002. ISBN 978-0-19-888807-9.
^ Frantz, Erica; Kendall-Taylor, Andrea; Li, Jia; Wright, Joseph (4 July 2022). "Personalist ruling parties in democracies". Democratization. 29 (5): 918–938. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.2019711.
^ Li, Jia; Wright, Joseph (November 2023). "How Personalist Parties Undermine State Capacity in Democracies". Comparative Political Studies. 56 (13): 2030–2065. doi:10.1177/00104140231169014.
^ Cite error: The named reference Oxford was invoked but never defined (see the help page).