Butte, Montana

Butte
Consolidated city-county
Butte-Silver Bow
Clockwise, left to right: View of uptown Butte from west; Our Lady of the Rockies; Curtis Music Hall; aerial view of the Berkeley Pit; mine headframe; and the Finlen Hotel.
Flag Seal
Nickname:  Butte America
Motto:  The Richest Hill on Earth
Map of Silver Bow County showing the city of Butte in red and Walkerville in grey
Coordinates: 45°59′56″N 112°31′27″W / 45.99889°N 112.52417°W / 45.99889; -112.52417
Country	United States
State	Montana
County	Silver Bow
Settled	1864
Area [1]
• Total	716.34 sq mi (1,855.32 km2)
• Land	715.76 sq mi (1,853.80 km2)
• Water	0.59 sq mi (1.52 km2)
Elevation [2]	5,538 ft (1,688 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	34,494
• Density	48.19/sq mi (18.61/km2)
Time zone	UTC−7 (MST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−6 (MDT)
ZIP code	59701, 59702, 59703, 59707, 59750
Area code	406
FIPS code	30-11397
GNIS feature ID	2409651[2]
Website	www.co.silverbow.mt.us

Butte (/bjuːt/ BEWT) is a consolidated city-county and the county seat of Silver Bow County, Montana, United States. In 1977, the city and county governments consolidated to form the sole entity of Butte-Silver Bow. The city covers 718 square miles (1,860 km²), and, according to the 2020 census, has a population of 34,494, making it Montana's fifth-largest city. It is served by Bert Mooney Airport with airport code BTM.

Established in 1864 as a mining camp in the northern Rocky Mountains on the Continental Divide, Butte experienced rapid development in the late 19th century, and was Montana's first major industrial city.^[3] In its heyday between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was one of the largest copper boom towns in the American West. Employment opportunities in the mines attracted surges of Asian and European immigrants, particularly the Irish;^[4] as of 2017, Butte has the largest population of Irish Americans per capita of any U.S. city.

Butte was also the site of various historical events involving its mining industry and active labor unions and socialist politics, the most famous of which was the labor riot of 1914. Despite the dominance of the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, Butte was never a company town. Other major events in the city's history include the 1917 Speculator Mine disaster, the largest hard rock mining disaster in world history.

Over the course of its history, Butte's mining and smelting operations generated more than $48 billion worth of ore, but also resulted in numerous environmental implications for the city: The upper Clark Fork River, with headwaters at Butte, is the largest Superfund site in the nation, and the city is also home to the Berkeley Pit. In the late 20th century, the EPA instated cleanup efforts, and the Butte Citizens Technical Environmental Committee was established in 1984. In the 21st century, efforts to interpret and preserve Butte's heritage are addressing both the town's historical significance and the continuing importance of mining to its economy and culture. The city's Uptown Historic District, on the National Register of Historic Places, is one of the largest National Historic Landmark Districts in the U.S., containing nearly 6,000 contributing properties. The city is also home to Montana Technological University, a public engineering and technical university.