Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic[a]
Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка (Belarusian)
Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика (Russian)
1920–1991
1941–1944: German occupation
Flag of Byelorussian SSR
Flag
(1951–1991)
State emblem (1981–1991) of Byelorussian SSR
State emblem
(1981–1991)
Motto: Пралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся! (Belarusian)
Pralyetaryi wsikh krain, yadnaytsyesya! (transliteration)
"Workers of the world, unite!"
Anthem: Дзяржаўны гімн Беларускай Савецкай Сацыялiстычнай Рэспублiкi
Dzyarzhawny himn Byelaruskay Savyetskay Satsyyalistychnay Respubliki
"Anthem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic"
(1955–1991)
Location of Byelorussia (red) within the Soviet Union (red and white) between 1956 and 1991
Location of Byelorussia (red) within the Soviet Union (red and white) between 1956 and 1991
Status1920–1922:
Nominally independent state
1922–1990:
Union Republic
1990–1991:
Union Republic with priority of Byelorussian legislation
CapitalSmolensk (1—6 January 1919),
Minsk (since 7 January 1919)
Official languages
Recognised languages
Religion
State atheism
Demonym(s)Byelorussian, Soviet
Government
First Secretary 
• 1920–1923 (first)
Vilgelm Knorin
• 1988–1990 (last)[2]
Yefrem Sokolov
Head of state 
• 1920–1937 (first)
Alexander Chervyakov
• 1991 (last)
Stanislav Shushkevich
Head of government 
• 1920–1924 (first)
Alexander Chervyakov
• 1990–1991 (last)
Vyacheslav Kebich
LegislatureCongress of Soviets (1920–1938)
Supreme Soviet (1938–1991)
History 
• First Soviet republic declared
1 January 1919
• Second Soviet republic proclaimed
31 July 1920
30 December 1922
15 November 1939
24 October 1945
• Sovereignty declared, partial cancellation of the Soviet form of government
27 July 1990
• Independence declared
25 August 1991
• Renamed Republic of Belarus
19 September 1991
10 December 1991
• Internationally recognized (dissolution of the Soviet Union)
26 December 1991
Area
• Total
207,600 km2 (80,200 sq mi)
Population
10,199,709
CurrencySoviet rouble (Rbl) (SUR)
Calling code+7 015/016/017/02
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia
Second Polish Republic
Reichskommissariat Ostland
Bezirk Bialystok
Reichskommissariat Ukraine
Republic of Belarus
Today part ofBelarus
Lithuania[c]
Poland
Russia

The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic[d] (BSSR or Byelorussian SSR;[e] Belarusian: Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка;[f] Russian: Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика),[g] also known as Byelorussia,[h] was a republic of the Soviet Union (USSR). It existed between 1920 and 1991 as one of fifteen constituent republics of the USSR, with its own legislation from 1990 to 1991. The republic was ruled by the Communist Party of Byelorussia.[3] Other names included White Russia or White Russian Soviet Socialist Republic.[4]

Following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918, which ended Russia's involvement in World War I, the Belarusian Democratic Republic (BDR) was proclaimed under German occupation; however, as German troops left, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia was established in its place by the Bolsheviks in December, and it was later merged with the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1919 to form the Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, which ceased to exist as a result of the Polish occupation during the Polish–Soviet War. Following a peace treaty with Lithuania, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia was re-founded on 31 July 1920 and later became known as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

The BSSR became one of the four founding members of the Soviet Union in December 1922, together with the republics of Russia, Transcaucasia, and Ukraine. Byelorussia was one of several Soviet republics occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II. Towards the final years of the Soviet Union's existence, the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty in 1990. On 25 August 1991, the Byelorussian SSR declared independence, and on 19 September it was renamed the Republic of Belarus. The Soviet Union was formally dissolved on 26 December 1991.


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  1. ^ Кожинова, Алла Андреевна (2017). "Языки и графические системы Беларуси в период от Октябрьской революции до Второй мировой войны". Studi Slavistici. 14: 133–156. doi:10.13128/Studi_Slavis-21942.
  2. ^ 28 July 1990 from Art. 6 of the Constitution of the Byelorussian SSR, the provision on the monopoly of the Communist Party of Byelorussia on power was excluded
  3. ^ L. N. Drobaŭ (1971). Art of Soviet Byelorussia. Avrora.
  4. ^ Webster's (1978). Webster's Encyclopedia of Dictionaries New American Edition. Webster's.

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