CCL4

CCL4L1
Available structures
PDB	Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1HUM, 1HUN, 1JE4, 2FFK, 2FIN, 2X6L, 3TN2, 4RAL
Identifiers
Aliases	CCL4L1, AT744.2, CCL4L, LAG-1, LAG1, SCYA4L, SCYA4L1, MIP-1-beta, SCYA4L2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 like 1
External IDs	OMIM: 603782; GeneCards: CCL4L1; OMA:CCL4L1 - orthologs
Gene ontology
Molecular function	chemokine activity; cytokine activity; protein binding; CCR chemokine receptor binding; CCR5 chemokine receptor binding; CCR1 chemokine receptor binding; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular space;
Biological process	lymphocyte chemotaxis; chemokine-mediated signaling pathway; cellular response to tumor necrosis factor; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of GTPase activity; chemotaxis; inflammatory response; cellular response to interleukin-1; monocyte chemotaxis; neutrophil chemotaxis; immune response; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; cellular response to interferon-gamma; regulation of signaling receptor activity; eosinophil chemotaxis; positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling; positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis; cell-cell signaling; response to virus; establishment or maintenance of cell polarity; cell adhesion; response to toxic substance; signal transduction; positive regulation of calcium ion transport; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	388372
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	Q8NHW4; P13236
	n/a
	NM_207007
	n/a
	NP_996890; NP_002975
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligands 4 (also CCL4) previously known as macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1β), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL4 gene.^[2] CCL4 belongs to a cluster of genes located on 17q11-q21 of the chromosomal region.^[3] Identification and localization of the gene on the chromosome 17 was in 1990 although the discovery of MIP-1 was initiated in 1988 with the purification of a protein doublet corresponding to inflammatory activity from supernatant of endotoxin-stimulated murine macrophages. At that time, it was also named as "macrophage inflammatory protein-1" (MIP-1) due to its inflammatory properties.^[4]

CCL4 is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine subfamily. CCL4 is being secreted under mitogenic signals and antigens and hereby acts as a chemoattractant for natural killer cells, monocytes and various other immune cells in the site of inflamed or damaged tissue.^[5]

^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Irving SG, Zipfel PF, Balke J, McBride OW, Morton CC, Burd PR, et al. (June 1990). "Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (11): 3261–3270. doi:10.1093/nar/18.11.3261. PMC 330932. PMID 1972563.
^ Hu GN, Tzeng HE, Chen PC, Wang CQ, Zhao YM, Wang Y, et al. (2018). "Correlation between CCL4 gene polymorphisms and clinical aspects of breast cancer". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 15 (11): 1179–1186. doi:10.7150/ijms.26771. PMC 6097259. PMID 30123055.
^ Wolpe SD, Davatelis G, Sherry B, Beutler B, Hesse DG, Nguyen HT, et al. (February 1988). "Macrophages secrete a novel heparin-binding protein with inflammatory and neutrophil chemokinetic properties". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 167 (2): 570–581. doi:10.1084/jem.167.2.570. PMC 2188834. PMID 3279154.
^ Menten P, Wuyts A, Van Damme J (December 2002). "Macrophage inflammatory protein-1". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 13 (6): 455–481. doi:10.1016/s1359-6101(02)00045-x. PMID 12401480.

[1] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid1972563-2] Irving SG, Zipfel PF, Balke J, McBride OW, Morton CC, Burd PR, et al. (June 1990). "Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (11): 3261–3270. doi:10.1093/nar/18.11.3261. PMC 330932. PMID 1972563.

[3] Hu GN, Tzeng HE, Chen PC, Wang CQ, Zhao YM, Wang Y, et al. (2018). "Correlation between CCL4 gene polymorphisms and clinical aspects of breast cancer". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 15 (11): 1179–1186. doi:10.7150/ijms.26771. PMC 6097259. PMID 30123055.

[4] Wolpe SD, Davatelis G, Sherry B, Beutler B, Hesse DG, Nguyen HT, et al. (February 1988). "Macrophages secrete a novel heparin-binding protein with inflammatory and neutrophil chemokinetic properties". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 167 (2): 570–581. doi:10.1084/jem.167.2.570. PMC 2188834. PMID 3279154.

[5] Menten P, Wuyts A, Van Damme J (December 2002). "Macrophage inflammatory protein-1". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 13 (6): 455–481. doi:10.1016/s1359-6101(02)00045-x. PMID 12401480.

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