CGh physics

cGh physics refers to the historical attempts in physics to unify relativity, gravitation, and quantum mechanics, in particular following the ideas of Matvei Petrovich Bronstein and George Gamow.^[1]^[2] The letters are the standard symbols for the speed of light ( $c$ ), the gravitational constant ( $G$ ), and the Planck constant ( $h$ ).

If one considers these three universal constants as the basis for a 3-D coordinate system and envisions a cube, then this pedagogic construction provides a framework, which is referred to as the cGh cube, or physics cube, or cube of theoretical physics (CTP).^[3] This cube can be used for organizing major subjects within physics as occupying each of the eight corners.^[4]^[5] The eight corners of the cGh physics cube are:

Classical mechanics (_, _, _)
Special relativity ( $c$ , _, _), gravitation (_, $G$ , _), quantum mechanics (_, _, $h$ )
General relativity ( $c$ , $G$ , _), quantum field theory ( $c$ , _, $h$ ), non-relativistic quantum theory with gravity (_, $G$ , $h$ )
Theory of everything, or relativistic quantum gravity ( $c$ , $G$ , $h$ )

Other cGh physics topics include Hawking radiation and black-hole thermodynamics.

While there are several other physical constants, these three are given special consideration, because they can be used to define all Planck units and thus all physical quantities.^[6] The three constants are therefore used sometimes as a framework for philosophical study and as one of pedagogical patterns.^[7]

^ Kragh, Helge (2009). "Relativistic Quantum Mechanics". In Greenberger, Daniel; Hentschel, Klaus; Weinert, Friedel (eds.). Compendium of Quantum Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 632–637. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_184. ISBN 978-3-540-70622-9. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
^ Kragh, Helge (1995). "Review of Matvei Petrovich Bronstein and Soviet Theoretical Physics in the Thirties". Isis. 86 (3): 520. doi:10.1086/357307. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 235090.
^ Padmanabhan, Thanu (2015). "The Grand Cube of Theoretical Physics". Sleeping Beauties in Theoretical Physics. Springer. pp. 1–8. ISBN 978-3319134420.
^ Gorelik, Gennady E. (1992). "First Steps of Quantum Gravity and the Planck Values". Studies in the History of General Relativity. Birkhäuser. pp. 364–379. ISBN 978-0-8176-3479-7. Archived from the original on 2019-04-25. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
^ Wainwright, C.J. "The Physics Cube". Archived from the original on 6 March 2012.
^ Duff, Michael; Lev B. Okun; Gabriele Veneziano (2002). "Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2002 (3): 023. arXiv:physics/0110060. Bibcode:2002JHEP...03..023D. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023. S2CID 15806354.
^ Okun, Lev (1991-01-01). "The fundamental constants of physics". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 34 (9): 818–826. Bibcode:1991SvPhU..34..818O. doi:10.1070/PU1991v034n09ABEH002475.

[1] Kragh, Helge (2009). "Relativistic Quantum Mechanics". In Greenberger, Daniel; Hentschel, Klaus; Weinert, Friedel (eds.). Compendium of Quantum Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 632–637. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_184. ISBN 978-3-540-70622-9. Retrieved 2022-03-23.

[2] Kragh, Helge (1995). "Review of Matvei Petrovich Bronstein and Soviet Theoretical Physics in the Thirties". Isis. 86 (3): 520. doi:10.1086/357307. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 235090.

[3] Padmanabhan, Thanu (2015). "The Grand Cube of Theoretical Physics". Sleeping Beauties in Theoretical Physics. Springer. pp. 1–8. ISBN 978-3319134420.

[4] Gorelik, Gennady E. (1992). "First Steps of Quantum Gravity and the Planck Values". Studies in the History of General Relativity. Birkhäuser. pp. 364–379. ISBN 978-0-8176-3479-7. Archived from the original on 2019-04-25. Retrieved 2009-05-07.

[5] Wainwright, C.J. "The Physics Cube". Archived from the original on 6 March 2012.

[6] Duff, Michael; Lev B. Okun; Gabriele Veneziano (2002). "Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2002 (3): 023. arXiv:physics/0110060. Bibcode:2002JHEP...03..023D. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023. S2CID 15806354.

[7] Okun, Lev (1991-01-01). "The fundamental constants of physics". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 34 (9): 818–826. Bibcode:1991SvPhU..34..818O. doi:10.1070/PU1991v034n09ABEH002475.

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