Back كالسيتريول Arabic کلسیتریول AZB Kalcitriol BS Kalcitriol Czech Calcitriol Welsh Calcitriol German ކެލްސިޓްރިއޯލް DV Calcitriol Spanish Kaltzitriol Basque کلسیتریول Persian

Calcitriol

Calcitriol
Clinical data
PronunciationUS: /ˌkælsɪˈtraɪɒl/;[1][2][3][4][5]
UK: /kælˈsɪtriɒl/
Trade namesRocaltrol, Calcijex, Decostriol, others
Other names1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1α,25-(OH)2D3, 1,25(OH)2D[6]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682335
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Routes of
administration		By mouth, intravenous[7]
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding99.9%
MetabolismKidney
Elimination half-life5–8 hours (adults), 27 hours (children)
ExcretionFaeces (50%), urine (16%)
Identifiers
  • (1R,3S)-5-[2-[(1R,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2R)-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-heptan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H- inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidene-cyclohexane-1,3-diol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
PDB ligand
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.046.315 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC27H44O3
Molar mass416.646 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C[C@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\C=C/3\C[C@H](C[C@@H](C3=C)O)O)C
  • InChI=1S/C27H44O3/c1-18(8-6-14-26(3,4)30)23-12-13-24-20(9-7-15-27(23,24)5)10-11-21-16-22(28)17-25(29)19(21)2/h10-11,18,22-25,28-30H,2,6-9,12-17H2,1,3-5H3/b20-10+,21-11-/t18-,22-,23-,24+,25+,27-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-NKMMMXOESA-N checkY
  (verify)

Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney.[8][9][10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. It is a hormone which binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes.[11] Calcitriol increases blood calcium (Ca2+) mainly by increasing the uptake of calcium from the intestines.[7]

It can be given as a medication for the treatment of low blood calcium and hyperparathyroidism due to kidney disease, low blood calcium due to hypoparathyroidism, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and familial hypophosphatemia,[7][12] and can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.[7] Excessive amounts or intake can result in weakness, headache, nausea, constipation, urinary tract infections, and abdominal pain.[7][12] Serious side effects may include high blood calcium and anaphylaxis.[7] Regular blood tests are recommended after the medication is started and when the dose is changed.[12]

Calcitriol was identified as the active form of vitamin D in 1971 and the drug was approved for medical use in the United States in 1978.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[12] In 2021, it was the 258th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.[13][14] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[15]

  1. ^ Elsevier, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Elsevier.
  2. ^ Wolters Kluwer, Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Wolters Kluwer.
  3. ^ Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster.
  4. ^ Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, archived from the original on 25 September 2015, retrieved 25 September 2015.
  5. ^ Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, archived from the original on 25 May 2020, retrieved 25 September 2015.
  6. ^ "IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN): Nomenclature of vitamin D. Recommendations 1981". European Journal of Biochemistry. 124 (2): 223–227. May 1982. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06581.x. PMID 7094913.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "Calcitriol Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  8. ^ Plum LA, DeLuca HF (December 2010). "Vitamin D, disease and therapeutic opportunities". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 9 (12): 941–955. doi:10.1038/nrd3318. PMID 21119732. S2CID 8894111.
  9. ^ Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases. Academic Press. 2018. p. 344. ISBN 9780128122006.
  10. ^ "Office of Dietary Supplements - Vitamin D". ods.od.nih.gov. 9 October 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  11. ^ Norman AW (August 2008). "From vitamin D to hormone D: fundamentals of the vitamin D endocrine system essential for good health". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 88 (2): 491S–499S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/88.2.491S. PMID 18689389.
  12. ^ a b c d British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 1050–1051. ISBN 9780857113382.
  13. ^ "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  14. ^ "Calcitriol - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  15. ^ World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2021. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 January 2024.

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